Duke Vigil, Tape 3
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Transcript
Transcripts may contain inaccuracies.
- | (mumbles) to have their place under the sun. | 0:10 |
(mumbles) | 0:18 | |
Harmony, without their organizations, they have to pay | 0:29 | |
a higher price, (mumbles) people, students, (mumbles). | 0:36 | |
My God, how can't they give us freedom, | 1:15 | |
how can't they give us the care, they cannot protect | 1:18 | |
their homes. | 1:22 | |
(applauding) | 1:29 | |
America is a beautiful place, a green, beautiful place, | 1:36 | |
(mumbles). | 1:44 | |
And you've got to go very close, very light, (mumbles), | 1:50 | |
you have got to re-read your history, you have got | 2:03 | |
to re-read the history of the island, | 2:07 | |
American young men, I want you to know that I love you all, | 2:15 | |
(mumbles). | 2:20 | |
The rising generation of the America is (mumbles). | 2:26 | |
So you don't know about it, (mumbles). | 2:45 | |
Because of the type of the nature of reciprocation (mumbles) | 3:05 | |
and vertical specialization, (mumbles). | 3:14 | |
(mumbles) | 3:20 | |
There will be mathematics, mathematicians, (mumbles). | 3:30 | |
The rising generation is a developing country, | 4:01 | |
(mumbles) looking naturally for pride and justice, | 4:07 | |
and the rising generation of this country (mumbles). | 4:14 | |
To help your country by standing in justice (mumbles), | 4:25 | |
thank you. | 4:35 | |
(applauding) | 4:36 | |
♪ Oh freedom, oh freedom ♪ | 4:44 | |
♪ Oh freedom over me ♪ | 4:53 | |
♪ And before I'll be a slave ♪ | 4:59 | |
♪ I'll be buried in my grave ♪ | 5:02 | |
♪ And go home to my lord and be free ♪ | 5:07 | |
♪ No more mourning ♪ | 5:15 | |
♪ No more mourning ♪ | 5:19 | |
♪ No more mourning over me ♪ | 5:23 | |
♪ And before I'll be a slave ♪ | 5:30 | |
♪ I'll be buried in my grave ♪ | 5:34 | |
♪ And go home to my lord and be free ♪ | 5:38 | |
♪ No more crying ♪ | 5:46 | |
♪ No more crying ♪ | 5:49 | |
♪ No more crying over me ♪ | 5:53 | |
♪ And before I'll be a slave ♪ | 6:01 | |
♪ I'll be buried in my grave ♪ | 6:04 | |
♪ And go home to my lord and be free ♪ | 6:08 | |
♪ And go home to my lord and be free ♪ | 6:16 | |
(applauding) | 6:23 | |
♪ We shall overcome ♪ | 6:32 | |
♪ We shall overcome, some day ♪ | 6:37 | |
♪ Oh, deep in my heart ♪ | 6:47 | |
♪ I do believe ♪ | 6:53 | |
♪ We will overcome, some day ♪ | 6:58 | |
(loud clapping) | 7:09 | |
♪ We shall not we shall not be moved ♪ | 7:16 | |
♪ We shall not we shall not be moved ♪ | 7:22 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water side ♪ | 7:27 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 7:31 | |
♪ We're brothers together ♪ | 7:36 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 7:37 | |
♪ We're brothers together ♪ | 7:39 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 7:41 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water ♪ | 7:43 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 7:47 | |
♪ We're young and old together, we shall not be moved ♪ | 7:51 | |
♪ We're young and old together, we shall not be moved ♪ | 7:55 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water ♪ | 7:59 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 8:03 | |
♪ (Mumbles) we shall not be moved ♪ | 8:07 | |
♪ (Mumbles) we shall not be moved ♪ | 8:11 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water ♪ | 8:14 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 8:18 | |
(clapping) | 8:22 | |
♪ We'll stay up till we make it ♪ | 8:28 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 8:29 | |
♪ We'll stay up till we make it ♪ | 8:31 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 8:33 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water ♪ | 8:35 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 8:38 | |
(loud clapping) | 8:42 | |
♪ We shall not be we shall not be moved ♪ | 8:43 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water ♪ | 8:50 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 8:54 | |
♪ We shall not be, we shall not be moved ♪ | 9:03 | |
♪ Just like a tree that's standing by the water ♪ | 9:07 | |
♪ We shall not be moved ♪ | 9:10 | |
(applauding) | 9:15 | |
(muffled speaking) | 9:36 | |
- | Here we go. | 9:49 |
Kumbaya, people, kumbaya. | 10:02 | |
♪ Kumbaya my Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 10:17 | |
♪ Kumbaya my Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 10:26 | |
♪ Kumbaya my Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 10:35 | |
♪ Oh, Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 10:41 | |
♪ Someone's singing Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 10:53 | |
♪ Someone's singing Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 11:00 | |
♪ Someone's singing Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 11:08 | |
♪ Oh Lord, kumbaya ♪ | 11:15 | |
♪ How many roads must a man walk down ♪ | 11:26 | |
♪ Before you call him a man ♪ | 11:31 | |
♪ How many seas must a white dove sail ♪ | 11:37 | |
♪ Before she sleeps in the sand ♪ | 11:43 | |
♪ How many times must the cannon balls fly ♪ | 11:49 | |
♪ Before they're forever banned ♪ | 11:54 | |
♪ The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 12:00 | |
♪ The answer is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 12:05 | |
♪ How many years can a mountain exist ♪ | 12:12 | |
♪ Before it's washed to the sea ♪ | 12:16 | |
♪ How many years must some people exist ♪ | 12:22 | |
♪ Before they're allowed to be free ♪ | 12:27 | |
♪ And how many times can a man turn his head ♪ | 12:33 | |
♪ And pretend that he just doesn't see ♪ | 12:38 | |
♪ The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 12:43 | |
♪ The answer is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 12:49 | |
♪ How many times can a man look up ♪ | 12:56 | |
♪ Before he sees the sky ♪ | 13:01 | |
♪ How many ears must one man have ♪ | 13:07 | |
♪ Before he can hear people cry ♪ | 13:12 | |
♪ And how many deaths will it take 'till he knows ♪ | 13:17 | |
♪ That too many people have died ♪ | 13:22 | |
♪ The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 13:28 | |
♪ The answer is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 13:33 | |
- | The chorus, once more! | 13:36 |
♪ The answer, my friends, is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 13:39 | |
♪ The answer is blowin' in the wind ♪ | 13:44 | |
(applauding) | 13:51 | |
- | Around the outskirts, the members of the faculty | 13:56 |
and the German community may have expressed concern | 13:59 | |
and have very kindly agreed to bring food tonight. | 14:03 | |
What we want to do for these people here is bring them | 14:08 | |
a good, hot meal tonight for dinner, it's gonna be cold | 14:10 | |
out here. | 14:14 | |
- | That was the two o'clock rally that was held out here, | 14:18 |
this afternoon. | 14:25 | |
Awful lot of people here, could've been as many | 14:27 | |
as a thousand, really good rally as you heard. | 14:31 | |
And looks like we're gonna make it. | 14:35 | |
4:25, everything is very quiet, the crowds have dispersed, | 14:38 | |
demonstrators are sitting, reading or writing or something | 14:42 | |
or other and it's starting to get cold, it doesn't | 14:47 | |
look like we're gonna have enough blankets for everyone | 14:51 | |
tonight, once we get a lot more in, but the ranks seemed | 14:53 | |
to have swelled a bit also, more people here than there were | 14:59 | |
and it's not raining. | 15:08 | |
(applauding) | 15:11 | |
- | And I demand for all those that are gonna stay out here, | 15:13 |
at four o'clock, I have no idea what they're gonna do | 15:18 | |
after that, and he said yeah, I said, yeah, I'm gonna | 15:21 | |
lose control of that group after that, and he said, | 15:24 | |
"Oh, really?" | 15:27 | |
I've expressed concern about the number of girls here | 15:45 | |
in the sense that we would want possibly to recommend | 15:52 | |
that some of the girls who have not been with us before | 15:56 | |
would like to go back to the campus at this time | 16:01 | |
or a little later, it would be appropriate, | 16:04 | |
we expect no trouble, and we are being protected | 16:07 | |
by both the guard and the campus cops. | 16:11 | |
But as for the recommendation particularly for some | 16:15 | |
of the girls, I think those who have been with us before | 16:19 | |
understand what they're doing and commitment and everything | 16:23 | |
and I think they'll stay, but maybe if some of the other? | 16:26 | |
- | I think the point to speak directly is something I fought, | 16:33 |
I'm really tired of my southern coherence (mumbles). | 16:37 | |
We had a lot of situations that arose with a lot | 16:50 | |
of growing throughout this whole process and it made | 16:52 | |
credibility of leadership and things like these | 16:57 | |
we've dealt with, we overcame those problems I think | 17:01 | |
and I think that in part it's not so much the lack | 17:06 | |
of commitment, but really it's the situation (mumbles), | 17:11 | |
not just the people who are unfamiliar with the way | 17:15 | |
we operate, would not be willing to go on with this | 17:18 | |
happening, (mumbles). | 17:21 | |
That the routine of discipline and communication | 17:27 | |
response we have start to work out, by tonight, | 17:32 | |
it might be helpful if the people that we are having | 17:38 | |
(mumbles) be included on the recommendation (mumbles). | 17:44 | |
- | For the new people, I'd like to say (mumbles) | 17:58 |
about the commitment, the need to pose that we have, | 18:00 | |
the need to pose that we all have, and many of us | 18:06 | |
know that we do have, and this afternoon (mumbles), | 18:09 | |
people like it, it's comfortable, and many of you | 18:13 | |
joined it, (mumbles), like always, nice, | 18:20 | |
it will be interesting to spend the night out, | 18:27 | |
when you arrive, you spend two nights freeing trucks, | 18:29 | |
and now up here, there's no doubt that the weather | 18:33 | |
will cause some difficulty. | 18:38 | |
The fact that that the police might have come here | 18:41 | |
to arrest people (mumbles) if anything else, | 18:45 | |
because the idea of arresting 400 students on this | 18:50 | |
kind of charge is not probable. | 18:54 | |
But the things we're out here for are much more | 19:00 | |
significant than it would appear from the atmosphere | 19:03 | |
of the earlier afternoon. | 19:06 | |
(mumbles) are really much more tangible | 19:08 | |
than you might realize, they're much more tangible | 19:12 | |
than racial equality, than racial progress | 19:15 | |
and harmony of the black and the white world | 19:19 | |
in the United States, although (mumbles). | 19:22 | |
We have the tangible results, we have four demands | 19:30 | |
or grievances, grievances which will be important | 19:33 | |
in overall sense in which we are most inevitably | 19:37 | |
(mumbles) of improving racial relations in United States | 19:41 | |
and abroad. | 19:46 | |
But these four grievances speak to very real | 19:48 | |
need in the black community and beyond | 19:51 | |
and let me assure you that the black community | 19:56 | |
is watching our actions, watching it very carefully | 19:58 | |
for a number of reasons. | 20:01 | |
One of these reasons is because of the tangible benefit, | 20:04 | |
at the $1.16, minimum wage is enacted by Duke University, | 20:08 | |
that means enacted by the largest employer in Durham. | 20:11 | |
And these people want that. | 20:17 | |
(applauding) | 20:19 | |
And if the Union comes into being at Durham, | 20:21 | |
that is the largest employer in Durham that now has | 20:24 | |
a union (mumbles) in North Carolina, that's a very | 20:27 | |
significant move. | 20:30 | |
And the Hope Valley Country Club is a symbol | 20:36 | |
in a sense of our racial blindness and prejudice, | 20:38 | |
our president, as president of Duke University | 20:42 | |
resigned from this, this is a very meaningful thing | 20:45 | |
for the new folks in Durham. | 20:49 | |
Very tangible things we're fighting for and I hope | 20:55 | |
you realize the significance of the black community, | 20:57 | |
and they certainly do. | 21:01 | |
So this is one reason the black community is watching us, | 21:04 | |
for these tangible results which could be there | 21:06 | |
if we proceed. | 21:09 | |
The results are another reason communicated to us | 21:12 | |
by a number of people in the black community, some Afros | 21:15 | |
(mumbles), some blacks from (mumbles) and some | 21:18 | |
blacks from the integral power structure, | 21:22 | |
and that is this. | 21:25 | |
Many blacks have already decided that there is no hope | 21:28 | |
for the society in which (mumbles) are too rich | 21:31 | |
and unthinking, (mumbles) truth removed from the system. | 21:35 | |
These people have given up on America. | 21:42 | |
But most of the blacks in this country still retain | 21:46 | |
some hope, they retain some hope that | 21:48 | |
although the system is heavily laid against them yet, | 21:51 | |
the day will come when racial justice will be a part | 21:54 | |
of the American system. | 21:58 | |
However, that day is not now, and the death of Martin | 22:00 | |
Luther King, the leading advocate of non-violence | 22:04 | |
in the United States has shaken the face of many | 22:07 | |
of these people and to the extent that blacks | 22:10 | |
have told us (mumbles) in this tangible way, | 22:13 | |
that they're looking to see if the system really can be, | 22:19 | |
not the normal changes, not the changes that come | 22:27 | |
day to day anyway, but the important, the dramatic, | 22:29 | |
the meaningful changes such as ones acting on institution | 22:33 | |
which is paying a $1.15 minimum to go to a $1.50 minimum | 22:37 | |
now, these are the kinds of changes these black people must | 22:41 | |
believe are possible in the United States, they must | 22:45 | |
believe that or else they will be in the streets, | 22:49 | |
they will be in the streets and all over our (mumbles) | 22:52 | |
and they will try to bring this country down. | 22:55 | |
For these people looking at us, looking at you | 22:58 | |
right out there, to see that these kind of changes | 23:01 | |
are possible, they know that they're not possible, | 23:04 | |
but right, upper-middle class, students, and a very | 23:06 | |
liberal institution, the university, that they | 23:10 | |
are not possible at all for blacks who are totally | 23:13 | |
outside of the system, and flexible institutions | 23:17 | |
like business or big government. | 23:20 | |
So, I hope you realize what we're doing tonight, | 23:24 | |
I hope you realize the importance that these | 23:28 | |
four demands be met. | 23:30 | |
(applauding) | 23:34 | |
- | We're gonna have to be committed tonight, | 23:44 |
we're gonna have to be committed for a long time, | 23:47 | |
you know the facts, that you stand aside with the cause | 23:50 | |
and you have a good commitment, that you have | 23:56 | |
a paper due next week, you have things you're gonna | 23:58 | |
have to do, and this has got to be a real commitment, | 24:03 | |
indefinite, in the indefinite future, we cannot lose! | 24:09 | |
(applauding) | 24:16 | |
We cannot lose, if we give up, having lost, (mumbles). | 24:23 | |
And I say that this commitment has to be a real commitment | 24:32 | |
because I can honestly say that I have no idea | 24:37 | |
when we will win. | 24:41 | |
Right. | 24:49 | |
You know it and we will, and we got to win | 24:50 | |
and we're gonna sit here until we win. | 24:54 | |
And they aren't gonna like us sitting here, but we're | 24:57 | |
not gonna leaving this tomorrow and I know if we'll | 25:00 | |
be leaving here the next day, and I don't know | 25:03 | |
if we'll be gone by the following Saturday | 25:06 | |
when (mumbles). | 25:08 | |
(cheering and applauding) | 25:13 | |
And I'll be perfectly honest, they could throw | 25:21 | |
a real surprise though and satisfy our demands. | 25:25 | |
But like I say, it would be a real surprise show. | 25:32 | |
And if you think about what we're doing right here, | 25:38 | |
and if you think about what we're standing for, | 25:42 | |
this is it, you got white America sitting down here, | 25:45 | |
saying white America works for us, | 25:54 | |
and if the Feds know and if then they say no, forget it. | 25:57 | |
They got to say yes, the question is when and | 26:03 | |
we got to be committed to stay until whenever that is. | 26:07 | |
(applauding) | 26:13 | |
As far as I'm concerned, every person | 26:23 | |
who wants to make that commitment, thank God you're here | 26:30 | |
because we're gonna need every person, | 26:36 | |
we're gonna need solid community, we're gonna need | 26:38 | |
faith in each other, and we're gonna need a hell of a lot | 26:42 | |
of support and we are going to win! | 26:46 | |
- | Couple of notes should be made here, | 27:00 |
again these, you've been listening speeches to the vigil, | 27:02 | |
the people sitting on the quad, who had returned | 27:07 | |
from Dr. Knight's house, going over again | 27:10 | |
the points that had been made, the importance | 27:13 | |
of what was happening, what was going on outside | 27:16 | |
the community which had to be continually reiterated | 27:18 | |
for the purposes of the new people who had come | 27:23 | |
into the vigil, there were new people coming in all | 27:26 | |
the time, eventually the numbers swelled to somewhere | 27:29 | |
around 1,500, some estimates are even higher than that, | 27:31 | |
but 1,500 is our biggest official account | 27:35 | |
and also to reiterate to those who maybe have | 27:38 | |
forgotten some of the reason why we had started out | 27:41 | |
because one gets tired and maybe a little disgruntled | 27:44 | |
when things don't happen very quickly | 27:48 | |
and fights of this nature take a long time. | 27:50 | |
- | It's a quarter to seven and we're still sitting | 27:55 |
out here on the quad, our numbers have grown quite a bit, | 28:00 | |
we've just heard a couple of speeches there, re-explaining | 28:03 | |
to the new people what situation is and why the commitment | 28:06 | |
is so important. | 28:09 | |
Tony has been warning a lot of us that people who've | 28:12 | |
come in recently would not hold and we can only | 28:15 | |
hope that they will and the purpose of these speeches | 28:19 | |
therefore is to make sure that they will and that they | 28:22 | |
understand. | 28:25 | |
It's Monday morning, time, 15 minutes until eight, | 28:29 | |
our numbers have now grown to 500 strong, | 28:34 | |
this is really fantastic, | 28:37 | |
of course not all of them are really supporters, | 28:39 | |
some of them are just glory-hogs, but in general | 28:44 | |
I think we've got a pretty good group out here | 28:47 | |
and it's looking really fine. | 28:49 | |
Everybody looking pretty deshoveled this morning, | 28:51 | |
dirty and kind of messed up and what have you, | 28:53 | |
but we're all holding together, order, discipline | 28:56 | |
are going really well. | 29:00 | |
Monitors were out all night long, watching the perimeter | 29:05 | |
of our little thing here, walking up and down, | 29:09 | |
challenging people, checking new people in | 29:15 | |
that were coming in to sit in and what have you. | 29:20 | |
Had a couple of minor incidents during the night, | 29:25 | |
couple of fellas came out, slept in the middle of the quad, | 29:27 | |
about 50 yards from us, a bunch of people gathered | 29:31 | |
around them, started making a lot of noise, | 29:36 | |
we were afraid it's gonna be disruptive, | 29:39 | |
but they dispersed before anything happened. | 29:42 | |
Then a truck came through and took down some of our | 29:45 | |
communication wires, we got them back up pretty quickly, | 29:49 | |
so that was no problem either. | 29:50 | |
Very nice morning, it's a little bit cloudy, | 29:53 | |
but it doesn't look like we're gonna have any rain, | 29:57 | |
so so far we're okay. | 29:59 | |
- | I'd like to make a couple of other little notes there. | 30:05 |
During the night, every night during the vigil when we | 30:09 | |
were out on the quad and of course, when we were | 30:13 | |
at Doctor Knight's house, we had monitors going around | 30:15 | |
and these guys stayed up, some of them all night long | 30:18 | |
and we had different shifts, but some people invariably | 30:22 | |
ended up staying longer than others, depending | 30:24 | |
on what your job was, what you were supposed to do, | 30:26 | |
we had flashlights and we had a system of signals | 30:29 | |
worked out to signal each other if something happened. | 30:32 | |
The head monitors if they wanted to find each other would | 30:35 | |
flash quickly five times and all this sort of thing. | 30:38 | |
There was some criticism concerning the monitors, | 30:42 | |
like it was a bit of a repressive police state, | 30:44 | |
but we did have our problems, it wasn't that bad. | 30:47 | |
We had a couple of people who were monitors who didn't | 30:50 | |
quite understand what they were doing and were | 30:54 | |
not very courteous to some of the people who were hanging | 30:56 | |
around and talking and that was a personal thing | 31:01 | |
rather than a problem of the group. | 31:04 | |
But one of the important things that the monitors | 31:07 | |
had to do was to make sure that if it looked like | 31:10 | |
it was gonna rain during the night, | 31:13 | |
that we got people ready to move and go somewhere else | 31:15 | |
where they could get their stuff out of the rain, | 31:17 | |
that never happened fortunately, because I'm afraid | 31:20 | |
everyone's bedding would've gotten very wet, | 31:22 | |
but we did have that set up. | 31:26 | |
The communication wires that I was talking about there | 31:29 | |
were DBS things and actually most of the wires | 31:32 | |
were powerlines out to the lights underneath the tree | 31:38 | |
which we had the microphones and the PA system set up | 31:40 | |
under, the DBS did have their radio network set up there | 31:44 | |
and were taking some tapes and had a microphone set up | 31:49 | |
and this is what I was referring to that a truck knocked | 31:52 | |
down when it came through. | 31:55 | |
- | It doesn't look like we're gonna have any rain, | 31:57 |
so so far we're okay. | 31:59 | |
Nine o'clock and city is still... | 32:02 | |
- | This is Monday morning. | 32:07 |
- | Being disruptive, riots and the like are still going on, | 32:10 |
it's quiet in Durham. | 32:17 | |
The situation is relatively tense, I understand how | 32:21 | |
people are organized, black people are organized, | 32:23 | |
that's good, Howard Fuller apparently, he's been threatened | 32:28 | |
by the plan, but that's not terribly unusual. | 32:32 | |
We're still sitting here, quiet, organized, | 32:36 | |
things are being done in a very orderly fashion, | 32:40 | |
we've got monitors all around bringing the operation here, | 32:46 | |
and we've got the sound system set up, telling everybody | 32:51 | |
what's going on, presses running all the time | 32:53 | |
and information tables are up, explaining to people | 32:57 | |
and the whole deal is pretty orderly and well-done | 33:01 | |
in general. | 33:04 | |
We're having our morning singing song sort to speak, | 33:08 | |
to raise spirits and to show the campus we're still here. | 33:12 | |
There's a break going on at the moment, people are going | 33:17 | |
to and from classes, we're letting them know once again | 33:20 | |
that we are here, strong, organized, ready to stay. | 33:24 | |
10 minutes to 10, Monday morning, I'm sitting at the | 33:31 | |
strikes fund table, collecting money, people have been | 33:35 | |
coming by, talking with us about what we've been | 33:39 | |
doing, donating funds, encouraging us, | 33:41 | |
we've really had some great responses from people | 33:46 | |
coming in and encouraging us in what we're doing. | 33:49 | |
And saying, you know, we can't take part for this particular | 33:57 | |
reason or that because they don't completely agree | 34:00 | |
with us, but nevertheless they agree in general | 34:02 | |
with what we're doing and they do support us | 34:04 | |
and this has really been a big help. | 34:06 | |
It really makes it much easier to carry on when you | 34:11 | |
know the people are with you. | 34:12 | |
(muffled speaking) | 34:16 | |
That was (mumbles) from a letter sent to Doctor Knight, | 34:22 | |
apologizing for any damage they might have done | 34:26 | |
to their home. | 34:29 | |
Quarter to 12, it's getting pretty hot now, | 34:31 | |
people are perspiring and water is getting passed | 34:35 | |
around, we've got (mumbles) in case of sun stroke, | 34:39 | |
and so far everything is going pretty well, | 34:44 | |
singing songs, people standing around, listening, | 34:46 | |
again, talking, going to the information tables. | 34:49 | |
- | We did have, during one of those days, I'm not sure | 34:55 |
if it was Monday or not, one case of sun stroke | 34:59 | |
and several doctors came out and advised as to what | 35:01 | |
we should do to keep people from getting sun stroke, | 35:06 | |
keep their back and neck covered up, | 35:10 | |
take their salt pills, etc, etc, but that sun | 35:12 | |
got pretty bad there on two of those days, | 35:14 | |
we had several people with very bad cases of sun burn, | 35:17 | |
things of that nature, but everyone seemed | 35:19 | |
to weather it pretty well. | 35:22 | |
- | Trying to find out what's going on, more people | 35:25 |
joining us slowly, and in general, everything is going | 35:27 | |
very well. | 35:32 | |
A lot of the professors have been singing the professors' | 35:34 | |
petition and calling off classes, calling off tests, | 35:38 | |
quizzes and the like, yeah, I was just asked | 35:42 | |
if I was an FBI man, and I said yeah, I was. | 35:48 | |
This has been greeted with much approval by not only | 35:53 | |
the demonstrators, but everyone else too, | 35:56 | |
and awful lot of tests and papers and everything | 36:00 | |
else has been called off, of course, some haven't, | 36:02 | |
but for the most part, they have. | 36:05 | |
Also, telegrams have been coming in from different | 36:08 | |
parts of the country, encouraging us, | 36:11 | |
congratulating us on getting this far, | 36:13 | |
John Kenny's father who's running for Congress | 36:15 | |
from New York I believe or Massachusetts, | 36:17 | |
it's one of the two, sent a telegram encouraging us | 36:20 | |
a few moments ago, and everybody is getting really | 36:23 | |
tired and a little bit worn out here now, | 36:26 | |
exhausted, but spirits are high. | 36:29 | |
At 3:30, we had another sing song, | 36:36 | |
everybody is still sitting out in the sunshine | 36:41 | |
and getting sweatier by the minute, | 36:44 | |
passing salt pills and water. | 36:48 | |
And should be having something after that at four o'clock. | 36:52 | |
♪ Mine eyes have seen the glory ♪ | 37:03 | |
♪ Of the coming of the lord ♪ | 37:04 | |
♪ He is trampling out the vintage ♪ | 37:07 | |
♪ Where the grapes of wrath are stored ♪ | 37:09 | |
♪ He hath loosed the fateful lightning ♪ | 37:11 | |
♪ Of His terrible swift sword ♪ | 37:14 | |
♪ His truth is marching on ♪ | 37:16 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 37:21 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 37:26 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 37:30 | |
♪ His truth is marching on ♪ | 37:35 | |
(muffled singing) | 37:39 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 37:59 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 38:02 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 38:07 | |
♪ His truth is marching on ♪ | 38:11 | |
- | One more time now. | 38:14 |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 38:16 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 38:20 | |
♪ Glory, glory, hallelujah ♪ | 38:24 | |
♪ His truth is marching on ♪ | 38:28 | |
(applauding) | 38:33 | |
- | Now at the beginning of our rally for the afternoon, | 38:39 |
we are very glad to see so many people gathering | 38:43 | |
here with us, we feel your support for us, | 38:47 | |
and we've learned from the expressions of concern | 38:53 | |
that you have shown for us that your gifts (mumbles) | 38:57 | |
and moral support, that even if you are not in here | 39:00 | |
in the arena with us, yet you are with us in many ways | 39:07 | |
and we thank you for this. | 39:13 | |
(applauding) | 39:15 | |
- | We had rallies almost every day there until I think | 39:24 |
Wednesday in the afternoons, I believe this is the | 39:28 | |
Monday afternoon rally that's going on now. | 39:32 | |
- | All of us, all of us who are already committed | 39:35 |
here in the arena, and for all of those who are outside | 39:38 | |
listening, it is very important to remember why we are here, | 39:44 | |
things have happened very rapidly and very wonderfully, | 39:50 | |
I'm going to ask Bob Creamer to remind us | 39:58 | |
something of the history of what has brought | 40:01 | |
us to this point. | 40:05 | |
Bob, here you go. | 40:08 | |
- | I'll be very brief, all of these points you've heard | 40:11 |
many times. | 40:14 | |
(mumbles) | 40:16 | |
Those individual and anybody else in this room. | 40:19 | |
The vigil we're participating in now, (mumbles) | 40:29 | |
began with Dr. King's assassination last Tuesday night. | 40:31 | |
The idea was conceived on Friday, at seven o'clock, | 40:35 | |
450 of us marched to Dr. Knight's home and with time, | 40:40 | |
250 of us were invited to stay there until we got | 40:44 | |
some kind of an answer to demands presented, | 40:48 | |
went to a desk in his home and stayed there for two days. | 40:52 | |
During that time, we presented four demands, | 40:58 | |
our four demands (mumbles). | 41:01 | |
That president Knight signs the advertisement | 41:16 | |
going for and listing open housing and racial equality | 41:18 | |
and that president Knight resign his membership from the | 41:22 | |
Sacred Hope Valley country club. | 41:25 | |
We discussed these matters on Friday night, we came | 41:27 | |
to no solution, on Saturday negotiations continued, | 41:32 | |
on Saturday night we were informed late after some | 41:36 | |
progress has been made that Dr. Knight was ill | 41:41 | |
and exhausted, after three days of intensive activity | 41:45 | |
and could not speak with us until today at about | 41:49 | |
four o'clock. | 41:52 | |
At that time, or later that night, we discussed this matter, | 41:55 | |
what to do, on Sunday morning we determined we should come | 42:00 | |
back here and set up a vigil that we've set up here | 42:03 | |
on the quad. | 42:07 | |
We brought back some 200 people, in the vigil today | 42:09 | |
there are 500 people, yesterday there was a rally | 42:13 | |
of 1,100 people here on the quad angle, | 42:16 | |
we had intensified support from faculty, | 42:19 | |
intensified support from the members of the (mumbles) | 42:23 | |
community who have been sent by faculty (mumbles) | 42:28 | |
and on this campus, throughout this vigil, | 42:30 | |
today I think we're still vowed to stay here | 42:35 | |
until we get some kind of a settlement, some kind | 42:38 | |
of an answer, a positive answer to our four demands. | 42:42 | |
(applauding) | 42:46 | |
- | It is of significance to many of us that the events | 42:56 |
of this week have corresponded with a consultation | 43:00 | |
on the theology of hope which was concerning | 43:03 | |
the theology of Doctor Mokman, we are very, very | 43:08 | |
privileged to have Doctor Mokman now | 43:14 | |
and we're going to ask him to say a few words to us. | 43:18 | |
Doctor Mokman. | 43:21 | |
(applauding) | 43:22 | |
- | As a visiting professor from Germany, I came | 43:37 |
eight months ago to this country with great expectations | 43:41 | |
and some fears, I'm leaving now with great fears | 43:44 | |
and still some hope. | 43:50 | |
The lights of light have blown out in this country | 43:54 | |
and it became darker, | 43:59 | |
the assassination of President Kennedy was a great | 44:02 | |
shock for me and the students in my country, | 44:06 | |
but now the murder of Martin Luther King is a greater | 44:10 | |
shock for all of us in Europe and especially | 44:14 | |
for the younger generation who are just developing | 44:19 | |
this line of march in Europe. | 44:23 | |
But I think there is still hope in America and for America | 44:28 | |
and you have from an encouraging (mumbles), | 44:31 | |
therefore I wanted to show you the sympathy | 44:38 | |
and the solidarity of the students in Germany | 44:41 | |
who are now protesting America, we shall not abandon you, | 44:46 | |
therefore, please, don't give up, don't despair, | 44:52 | |
don't drop out, keep on the line of march, | 44:58 | |
although it will be a very, very long march | 45:03 | |
through darkness, you will find light in this country again. | 45:07 | |
So, keep the vision of Martin Luther King alive | 45:12 | |
and profess again to fulfill the dream. | 45:15 | |
- | They are asking to not eat in this cafeteria, | 45:23 |
but to eat in the other cafeteria because (mumbles) | 45:26 | |
pay for this food and they're gonna have to take | 45:28 | |
all their workers, if the girls are over age, | 45:32 | |
and your partner needs to be there, | 45:34 | |
the workers they could use over here, they'll put | 45:36 | |
them over here, and our people can run to the administrator | 45:38 | |
and students (mumbles), so we got to talk to our | 45:41 | |
friends not to work here, we have to get the groups | 45:43 | |
to eat on East Campus, I think this is (mumbles), | 45:45 | |
this is what the workers have asked for on this. | 45:49 | |
(applauding) | 45:56 | |
I think it's important to note that, | 45:59 | |
I think it's important to reflect just a moment | 46:10 | |
on the events of the last four, five days. | 46:13 | |
We've just listened a short time ago the recording | 46:22 | |
of Doctor King's address, Doctor King was a fascinated | 46:29 | |
just by our stoicism, | 46:37 | |
and so many things have happened since then | 46:42 | |
that it is hard to believe. | 46:45 | |
So, we thank all the country, and so we thank | 46:48 | |
(mumbles), and if I can, let me just thank a moment | 46:50 | |
to review them with you, so that we can see what is | 46:55 | |
happening. | 47:00 | |
On Thursday night, (mumbles) populace of the United States, | 47:04 | |
we feel that the scare | 47:11 | |
and the brutality and the senselessness of Dr. King's | 47:14 | |
assassination. | 47:19 | |
And by the time that President Johnson spoke in front | 47:24 | |
of the White House, tensions were mounting | 47:27 | |
all over the country and those of us who believed | 47:34 | |
in Dr. King's goals of freedom and equality now | 47:39 | |
and those of us who believed in the tactics of | 47:48 | |
peaceful, non-violent direct action were concerned | 47:52 | |
that perhaps nowhere in this vast country of ours, | 48:03 | |
that those people affected believe that peaceful, | 48:12 | |
non-violent protest would work again, | 48:19 | |
and partly out of the fear they might be right, | 48:27 | |
and partly out of the concern that it will be shown | 48:35 | |
that was not the case. | 48:40 | |
A group of some 400 students after considerable | 48:47 | |
discussion and planning and debate and inner turmoil | 48:54 | |
with ourselves and with each other decided | 49:00 | |
that surely there must be some way, | 49:05 | |
surely there must be some institution, some system | 49:12 | |
which would respond, which could respond | 49:22 | |
and which would demonstrate | 49:28 | |
that action can be and will be taken | 49:32 | |
to ensure that men and women are treated fairly, | 49:37 | |
and equally. | 49:46 | |
And out of that concern for Dr. King's goals and tactics, | 49:48 | |
and that concern stems from his sinless death, | 49:56 | |
and out of a concern that it would be here that | 50:02 | |
we demonstrate, that action is possible, | 50:06 | |
we thought to devise some simple act, | 50:12 | |
that we as individuals and institutions can say | 50:24 | |
to demonstrate our faith that men and women | 50:29 | |
throughout this country would respond to the pressing | 50:34 | |
burdens of our time. | 50:36 | |
And we walked to Doctor Knight's house | 50:39 | |
and to the houses (mumbles), to Doctor Knight's | 50:43 | |
house with four simple requests. | 50:49 | |
A request that Doctor Knight establish a committee | 50:54 | |
to investigate and report back to the university | 50:57 | |
on relationships between employer and employee | 51:07 | |
and about collective bargaining procedures | 51:13 | |
and we ask that this committee be composed of faculty, | 51:16 | |
students and workers. | 51:21 | |
We ask that Doctor Knight establishes his priority | 51:24 | |
and he was able as the administrator of the university, | 51:26 | |
the university's priority of $1.60 cents an hour | 51:31 | |
which is currently the minimum wage of all industrial | 51:38 | |
plants and situations. | 51:42 | |
We have that Doctor Knight join as many other students | 51:47 | |
and faculty and residents in expanding an advertisement | 51:55 | |
which will appear tomorrow in the Morning Hill. | 52:02 | |
The advertisement which will say that it has been signed | 52:08 | |
by over a thousand persons, advertisement will be paid | 52:12 | |
for out of a dollar and five dollar | 52:18 | |
and 10 dollar contributions of these people here | 52:21 | |
and these people here and the people that happen | 52:25 | |
to not be present at the moment, but who are with us. | 52:29 | |
We asked Doctor Knight to sign that advertisement, | 52:35 | |
we also asked that he assemble of his commitment | 52:38 | |
and as a dramatic reminder, to all of those | 52:50 | |
in Durham and elsewhere that are unusual, | 52:58 | |
perhaps under normal circumstances what might | 53:05 | |
be considered by many (mumbles). | 53:13 | |
That the cause of the unusual circumstances which | 53:29 | |
exist in our country today and the cause of the situation | 53:32 | |
which exists all over the country, that Doctor Knight | 53:38 | |
resigns from the segregated Hope Valley country club. | 53:45 | |
Of some 250 students and faculty members, | 53:53 | |
who just went with Doctor Knight and as guests appeared, | 53:57 | |
remained at the vigil, in their homes, | 54:05 | |
on Friday night, and all day Saturday, and on Saturday | 54:17 | |
night and in light of the fact that during our | 54:24 | |
sojourn there, this group of 250 people were still | 54:33 | |
here today, observed the memorial services | 54:38 | |
which were being held in the chapel immediately | 54:43 | |
behind us now, we participated in that, and we contributed | 54:49 | |
some hundred dollars to Mrs. King for (mumbles). | 54:53 | |
As the participants in the memorial service of | 55:02 | |
the chapel contributed many hundreds of dollars for | 55:04 | |
Mrs. King and we sent that to Mrs. King under the same | 55:08 | |
terms that chapel selection was sent. | 55:13 | |
Or if under unusual circumstances she had no personal | 55:17 | |
need for this money, that she could use it to further | 55:22 | |
Dr. King's work. | 55:26 | |
When it became apparent that Doctor Knight was exhausted | 55:34 | |
of many months of very difficult work and after what | 55:39 | |
he told us, and what is absolutely correct, | 55:46 | |
a most arduous day which preceded the confrontation | 55:53 | |
which we brought, and when he was advised by his | 56:01 | |
physician as noted in the Morning Hill on Sunday, | 56:07 | |
as noted in the Morning Hill on Sunday morning | 56:18 | |
to rest and remain secluded for at least 48 hours. | 56:21 | |
That in the spirit of trying to assist | 56:32 | |
and speed up his return, we withdrew from the house | 56:34 | |
to the quad angle and entered the camp to demonstrate | 56:46 | |
to those who were skeptical about how committed these | 56:54 | |
people were, whether or not they would sleep outside | 56:59 | |
on the hard, cold ground and in order that we might | 57:04 | |
better communicate with the largest group assembly, | 57:10 | |
we withdrew here and as it is obvious, | 57:19 | |
many of those people who came out with us and circulated | 57:24 | |
the advertisements on Friday night and returned | 57:29 | |
on Saturday, and these people who returned on Saturday | 57:32 | |
to back us and give us encouragement. | 57:37 | |
There are people who have been brought to this struggle | 57:40 | |
because it is in the prediction of Dr. Martin Luther King, | 57:43 | |
completely non-violent, completely within the normal | 57:48 | |
operating boundaries of the political system, | 57:54 | |
that we have drawn here together a much larger | 58:01 | |
group of people who are determined to stand fast | 58:04 | |
and who are convinced that this university | 58:11 | |
can and will respond to the requests put forward. | 58:15 | |
And those of you who were there, those with skepticism | 58:22 | |
that many people had, about whether the requirements | 58:26 | |
were possible or about whether or not we were really | 58:30 | |
genuine in our concern, that I think the action | 58:35 | |
announced here just a moment ago, that this worker, | 58:41 | |
with us sitting here and who have noted the fantastic | 58:49 | |
order with which we've conducted ourselves, | 58:57 | |
let themselves decide that they too must take action | 59:01 | |
in this time of national emergency and crisis. | 59:09 | |
And as a result of your determination | 59:15 | |
and as a result of your sun-burnt faces | 59:19 | |
and your wrinkled and dirty clothes, | 59:24 | |
many other people are asking now | 59:29 | |
that this university take immediate, constructive, | 59:35 | |
dramatic action. | 59:41 | |
In the ending, (mumbles) throughout this country, | 59:46 | |
all blocks were burning. | 59:53 | |
All police forces were being put on all-day alerts, | 1:00:02 | |
students were being brought under curfew, | 1:00:14 | |
the national guard was being called out | 1:00:17 | |
and people generally feared and even fear today | 1:00:21 | |
that the petitions being made in the national press | 1:00:26 | |
and those that have been made by the president's | 1:00:29 | |
commission of civil disorder were not far-fetched | 1:00:32 | |
and yet here, I think we have a dramatic demonstration. | 1:00:37 | |
But that is not the only way left, | 1:00:46 | |
and that is what gives this movement the meaning | 1:00:56 | |
which you and I and all the rest of the people | 1:01:01 | |
that have joined in it, know and sense and feel | 1:01:06 | |
and demand which have been made on you so far | 1:01:17 | |
hasn't been an easy one. | 1:01:23 | |
The demand which will be called for may continue | 1:01:27 | |
to be an easy one, but they may not. | 1:01:36 | |
And I think it's incumbent upon all of us to reassess | 1:01:45 | |
at every point how committed we really are | 1:01:50 | |
and how determined we really are to see that justice | 1:01:58 | |
and equality and human dignity are truly the goal | 1:02:03 | |
of this university and this community and this country | 1:02:09 | |
and if you are determined, and if Dr. King was right, | 1:02:16 | |
that non-violent, peaceful, direct actions will bring | 1:02:25 | |
results, then truly the sacrifices which so far | 1:02:31 | |
you've been called upon to make and the sacrifices | 1:02:37 | |
which all of us will be called upon to make in the future | 1:02:41 | |
throughout this country will have been worthwhile. | 1:02:44 | |
But if they had been in vain, how then do we respond | 1:02:53 | |
to those who already are saying throughout this | 1:03:02 | |
country that there is no other way, that this way | 1:03:05 | |
of you people and people who have been stimulated into | 1:03:10 | |
action by your actions are wrong? | 1:03:16 | |
I hope we're right. | 1:03:27 | |
Today at the press conference, a reporter asked a question | 1:03:33 | |
(mumbles), a question that was not rebrought | 1:03:39 | |
(mumbles), but I was very sorry it wasn't rebrought | 1:03:48 | |
then and I want to share that question and answer with you. | 1:03:56 | |
What did the speeding cameraman ask, why is it | 1:04:06 | |
that this demonstration out on the quad angle | 1:04:11 | |
is so orderly and so quiet and so well-organized, | 1:04:16 | |
it must have been long time in the planning. | 1:04:23 | |
And those of you who have known the inner turmoil | 1:04:30 | |
with those here, will know how long that is, | 1:04:35 | |
but I think that the answer is important to remember, | 1:04:44 | |
our answer was put forward and direct and to that question | 1:04:51 | |
of why has it been so orderly and so well-organized, | 1:04:55 | |
we put it very simply, hope. | 1:04:58 | |
(applauding) | 1:05:05 |
Item Info
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