Helen G. Crotwell - "All Ate and Were Satisfied" (March 9, 1975)

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	(instrumental music)	0:03
-	Let us pray.	8:34
	Give ear, Lord, unto our prayer	8:37
	and attend to the voice of our supplications.	8:41
	Teach us thy way, Lord.	8:45
	We would walk in thy truth.	8:48
	Unite our hearts to fear you.	8:52
	We would praise thee, Lord, our God with all our heart	8:56
	and we would glorify thy name forevermore	9:01
	for a great is thy mercy toward us.	9:05
	Amen.	9:09
	Our hymn of praise is number 27,	9:15
	"Immortal, Invisible, God Only Wise."	9:17
	(instrumental music)	9:22
	Please be seated.	12:19
	There is no greater evidence for our need of confession	12:27
	of sin than the conviction of our own righteousness.	12:31
	And there is no greater readiness for confession	12:37
	than our on sense of failure in loving God wholeheartedly.	12:41
	Let us confess our sins to almighty God.	12:47
	Eternal God our judge and redeemer,	12:51
	we confess that we have tried to hide from you	12:56
	for we have done wrong.	13:00
	We have lived for ourselves.	13:03
	We have refused to shoulder the troubles of others	13:06
	and turned from our neighbors.	13:10
	We have ignored the pain of the world	13:14
	and passed by the hungry, the poor, and the oppressed.	13:17
	God, in your great mercy forgive our sin	13:23
	and free us from selfishness that we may choose your will	13:29
	and obey your commandments through Jesus Christ our Lord.	13:35
	May the almighty and merciful Lord grant us remission	14:04
	of all our sins, true repentance, amendment of life,	14:08
	and the grace and consolation of his holy spirit	14:15
	through Jesus Christ our Lord.	14:19
	Amen.	14:22
	(instrumental music)	14:27
	(opera music)	15:03
	Let us hear this witness to the word	21:27
	as we find it in the old covenant,	21:29
	the eighth chapter of the book of Deuteronomy.	21:32
	"For the Lord your God is bringing you into a good land,	21:39
	a land of brooks of water,	21:43
	of fountains and springs flowing forth in valleys and hills,	21:46
	a land of wheat and barley, vines and fig trees,	21:51
	and pomegranates, a land of olive trees and honey,	21:56
	a land in which you will eat bread without scarcity,	22:00
	in which you will lack nothing,	22:04
	a land whose stones are iron	22:07
	and out of whose hills you can dig copper.	22:11
	And you shall eat, and be full and you shall bless the Lord	22:15
	your God for the good land he has given you.	22:21
	Take heed lest you forget the Lord your God	22:26
	by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances	22:30
	and His statutes, which I command you this day.	22:33
	Lest when you have eaten and are full	22:37
	and have built goodly houses and live in them,	22:41
	and when your herds and flocks multiply and your silver	22:46
	and gold is multiplied, and all that you have is multiplied,	22:51
	then your heart be lifted up and you forget the Lord	22:56
	your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt,	22:59
	out of the house of bondage, who led you through the great	23:04
	and terrible wilderness with this fiery serpents	23:08
	and scorpions and thirsty ground where there was no water,	23:13
	who brought you water out of a flinty rock,	23:18
	who fed you in the wilderness with manna,	23:21
	which your fathers did not know that he might humble you	23:24
	and test you to do you good in the end.	23:29
	Beware lest you say in your heart, my power	23:35
	and the might of my hand have gotten me this wealth.	23:40
	You shall remember the Lord your God	23:45
	for it is He who gives you power to get wealth,	23:48
	that He may confirm His covenant,	23:53
	which He swore to your fathers, as at this day.	23:55
	And if you forget the Lord your God and go after other gods	24:01
	and serve them and worship them,	24:04
	I solemnly warn you this day that you shall surely perish.	24:07
	Like the nations that the Lord makes to perish before you,	24:13
	so you shall perish,	24:17
	because you would not obey the voice of the Lord your God."	24:19
	The gospel lesson from St. Luke's gospel the ninth chapter.	24:31
	The apostles have just returned from the mission	24:39
	on which Jesus had sent them throughout the land.	24:43
	"On their return, the apostles told him what they had done,	24:47
	and he took them and withdrew apart	24:51
	to a city called Bethsaida.	24:54
	When the crowds learned it, they followed Him	24:58
	and He welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God	25:02
	and cure those who had need of healing.	25:05
	Now the day began to wear away	25:09
	and the 12 came and said to him, send the crowd away	25:13
	to go into the villages and country roundabout to lodge	25:18
	and get provisions for we are here in a lonely place.	25:21
	But He said to them, you give them something to eat.	25:26
	They said, we have no more than five loaves and two fish,	25:31
	unless we are to go and buy food for all these people,	25:36
	for there were about 5000 men.	25:40
	And he said to his disciples,	25:44
	make them sit down in companies about 50 each.	25:46
	And they did so and made them all sit down.	25:50
	And taking the five loaves and the two fish,	25:54
	He looked up to heaven and blessed and broke them	25:56
	and gave them to the disciples to set before the crowd	26:01
	and all ate and were satisfied and they took up	26:05
	what was left over 12 baskets of broken pieces."	26:09
	Here ends the morning lesson.	26:16
	(instrumental music)	26:20
	Let us confess our faith.	27:04
	We are not alone, we live in God's world.	27:08
	We believe in God who has created and is creating,	27:14
	who has come and the true man, Jesus,	27:19
	to reconcile and make new,	27:22
	who works in us and others by His spirit.	27:26
	We trust Him.	27:30
	He calls us to be His church, to celebrate His presence,	27:32
	to love and serve others, to seek justice and resist evil,	27:38
	to proclaim Jesus crucified and risen our judge and our hope	27:44
	in life, in death, in life beyond death, God is with us.	27:51
	We are not alone.	27:59
	Thanks be to God.	28:01
	The Lord be with you.	28:05
-	Be with you too.	28:07
-	Let us pray.	28:09
	Lord, who provided manna for the fathers	28:21
	in the desert wanderings and equipped our master's disciples	28:24
	for mission when they had need of it	28:28
	hear now our prayers for our time and our world.	28:32
	In a world fragmented by politics,	28:40
	direct peoples and nations that we may learn to live nation	28:44
	with nation searching diligently for arms instead of arms	28:48
	for the brother and sister of other lands.	28:53
	In a world of broken by economic greed and self-interest,	28:59
	we pray that our diverse economic plights may show us	29:04
	our mutual dependence and drive out our collective greed.	29:09
	In a world divided by race, direct our way with affections	29:18
	that we may come to love and appreciate the brother	29:23
	and sister of unlike mind and perspective.	29:26
	We pray, Lord, for thy church,	29:34
	bring her many members to her one true baptism	29:38
	in her crucified and risen Lord,	29:41
	that every member may be nourished by the diversity of gifts	29:45
	in the oneness of spirit.	29:50
	Let us remember this day, this land, and our people	29:55
	that we may find a strength in our emerging frailty,	30:02
	that times of adversity may give birth to new vision,	30:07
	new promise, and hope.	30:11
	We remember today, Lord, especially the involuntarily poor,	30:15
	the unemployed and the unemployable.	30:21
	And we pray that thou will help this land	30:26
	toward economic justice that participates	30:28
	however remotely in thine own righteousness.	30:31
	We bring these prayers to thee our Lord at thy invitation.	30:38
	As children to a loving and kind parent,	30:44
	our comfort and assurance are that you are	30:48
	not only our Lord, but Lord of history.	30:51
	So we pray or Lord as you will, so be it.	30:56
	Let us join now in the prayer our Lord has taught us saying,	31:04
	our father who art in heaven hallowed be thy name,	31:09
	thy kingdom come,	31:15
	thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.	31:17
	Give us this day our daily bread	31:22
	and forgive us our trespasses	31:25
	as we forgive those who trespass against us.	31:28
	And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil	31:32
	for thine is the kingdom	31:37
	and the power and the glory forever.	31:39
	Amen.	31:44
-	In the name of God our creator, redeemer, and sustainer.	31:57
	Amen.	32:04
	Isn't it amazing how the lectionary lesson	32:08
	from Deuteronomy describes who we are?	32:11
	A people living in a good land,	32:16
	a land in which we can eat bread without scarcity,	32:18
	a land in which we like nothing,	32:21
	a land whose stones are iron,	32:24
	and out of whose hills we can dig copper	32:26
	and we shall eat and be full.	32:29
	And because this is who we are,	32:32
	we must take heed lest we forget the Lord our God	32:35
	by not keeping God's commandments	32:41
	and our covenantal relationships.	32:44
	Lest when we have eaten and are full	32:48
	and have built goodly houses and live in them,	32:51
	we forget the Lord our God and say in our heart,	32:55
	"Our power and the might	33:00
	of our hand have given us this wealth."	33:03
	And if we forget,	33:08
	we shall surely perish.	33:11
	This is who we are,	33:15
	people who have forgotten that the earth is a gift	33:17
	to be used, to be cared for, to be shared.	33:22
	And so we are at the close to the point of perishing.	33:28
	We know this, but we do not comprehend.	33:35
	We know that people are actually starving to death	33:39
	And we can remember just a little while ago	33:44
	when we were concerned about	33:46
	how many people went to bed hungry each night.	33:48
	These people are now starving.	33:52
	We know that we are moving from a time of abundance	33:57
	to a time of scarcity.	34:00
	But it is difficult for those of us	34:02
	who live in this good land to comprehend.	34:05
	We have been inconvenienced by some shortages	34:10
	and we've been irritated by most prices,	34:14
	but it is difficult for us	34:18
	to comprehend the scarcity and the crisis.	34:20
	The American Friends Service Committee has described part	34:25
	of our situation in this analogy.	34:28
	If we imagine that our world is a global village	34:32
	consisting of 100 people,	34:36
	100 people who have not yet died from starvation,	34:40
	then 70 of this 100 would not be able to read,	34:44
	one would have a college education,	34:48
	and of the 100 who have not yet died of starvation,	34:52
	50 will be suffering from malnutrition,	34:57
	80 will live in substandard housing.	35:01
	And we know that even in this good land,	35:05
	in which we can eat bread without scarcity,	35:09
	there are countless persons suffering from malnutrition.	35:13
	Dr. Shinoa reports in his book, "The Malnourished Man,"	35:18
	on a team of noted pediatricians, who with senators,	35:22
	visited many areas in Mississippi in 1967,	35:26
	and they found that in every county they visited	35:32
	there were boys and girls who were suffering	35:36
	from severe malnutrition with injury to body's tissues,	35:40
	it's muscles, bones, and skin,	35:45
	as well as the associated psychological state	35:49
	of fatigue, restlessness, and exhaustion.	35:52
	They found homes in which children were lucky	35:57
	to have one meal a day.	36:02
	But even that meal was inadequate nutritionally.	36:04
	These children are out of sight and ignored.	36:10
	They received no help, no food, no medical attention.	36:15
	They were living under such primitive conditions	36:21
	that it was hard to believe that they lived	36:25
	in the United States in the 20th century.	36:29
	And unfortunately, these conditions are not in the past	36:33
	and I'm not limited to Mississippi.	36:38
	Dr. Shinoa says that the victims	36:42
	of hunger often look healthy and well fed.	36:44
	This appearance is deceiving and is caused by the swelling	36:48
	of tissues, a common symptom	36:51
	of sustained malnutrition in children.	36:53
	He attributed this ignorance	36:58
	to the Mississippi Governor's callous response	37:00
	to our reporters' question about the hunger	37:05
	among the poor blacks.	37:08
	This governor said,	37:10
	"All the Negroes I have seen	37:13
	around here are so fat, they shine."	37:15
	Now we know that starvation	37:23
	has become more disparate since 1967.	37:25
	With the high cost of food, the high unemployment rate,	37:31
	the possibilities of an adequate diet has been lessened.	37:36
	And Dr. Shinoa's acute concern is for the children	37:41
	who suffer permanent brain damage from an inadequate diet,	37:45
	especially from the absence	37:50
	of the correct protein in their diet.	37:52
	Now an adult can suffer from malnutrition	37:55
	and with a proper food can become healthy again.	37:58
	But from the time of gestation	38:03
	until the child is four years old,	38:05
	an inadequate diet causes permanent brain damage,	38:08
	damage which nothing we can do can correct.	38:14
	Now, not only are people malnourished,	38:18
	but people are actually starving.	38:22
	We know this, but this too is difficult for us	38:26
	who live in this good land to comprehend.	38:30
	No one can give us an exact count	38:35
	of how many people are dying from malnutrition.	38:37
	The estimate varies from 10 to 20 millions	38:41
	of persons per year.	38:44
	And it seems that 12 million is a reasonable estimate,	38:46
	if you dare use the word reasonable	38:51
	in the same sentence with starvation.	38:54
	But I have difficulty comprehending what it means	38:57
	that 12 million people die each year from starvation.	39:01
	I can understand it better if I imagine	39:06
	if this were not a Recess Sunday,	39:10
	we would probably have approximately 1400 people	39:13
	more or less in this chapel worshiping.	39:16
	And during this one hour,	39:21
	while we worship this number of people,	39:23
	1400 people will die from starvation,	39:27
	and from starvation alone, not from related affects.	39:32
	Several Saturdays ago, some of us attended a conference	39:38
	at Chapel Hill, a conference for Duke, UNC, and State.	39:43
	It was a seminar on limits to growth.	39:48
	Dr. Robert Patterson from state calibrated a metronome	39:51
	to tick to indicate the right people are dying	39:55
	from malnutrition alone.	39:58
	This communicated to me the awfulness of our situation,	40:01
	the terror most graphically, each tick represents one death.	40:06
	(metronome ticking)	40:20
	For those of us who live in this good line,	40:29
	our first step in responding to the command to take heed is	40:34
	in some sense to comprehend	40:42
	what these ticks mean, that these are human beings.	40:44
	Once we comprehend, we are compelled to act responsibly.	40:50
	Now, we are sophisticated enough	41:05
	to know that what we are discussing is not simple,	41:07
	that we live in a world of limited resources and that some	41:11
	of our simplistic solutions may cause more complex problems.	41:15
	But we are also sophisticated and know	41:21
	that we may be paralyzed into no action	41:24
	if we listen uncritically to such warnings.	41:28
	We know that we must face the critical nature	41:33
	of our survival, that we must move	41:35
	from a time of abundance to a time of scarcity.	41:38
	We know that we are people who must take heed	41:42
	lest we shall surely perish.	41:46
	This is who we are.	41:51
	This word, which comes to us though, is not hopeless.	41:53
	The biblical word admonishes us to take heed,	41:59
	the scientific word shouts at us to take you.	42:03
	But both words offer some hope for the future	42:09
	and the hope is conditioned	42:12
	on our being morally responsible persons.	42:13
	The scientific word to us is that the future	42:17
	of our world may not be as hopeless	42:20
	as some people have feared,	42:21
	that we can support a viable standard of living	42:23
	for the inhabitants of this earth	42:26
	if we use our creative intelligence	42:28
	as morally responsible people.	42:30
	There is no doubt, if this is to happen,	42:33
	we will have to make some radical changes	42:36
	in our lifestyles in this country, radical.	42:39
	And we will have to take responsibility	42:44
	for the leadership essential for this to happen.	42:46
	The biblical word, rest on our understanding of who we are	42:50
	in relation to God who has created us	42:54
	and given us this world.	42:56
	And it rests on our understanding	42:59
	of who we are as human beings.	43:00
	Simply stated the responsibility	43:03
	which has been given to us is to care for our brothers	43:05
	and our sisters and the world, which is our home.	43:09
	And simply stated, our understanding of who we are	43:14
	as human beings is that we are people	43:17
	who are capable of caring, of loving, of serving,	43:20
	but we are also people who can be blinded to the needs	43:25
	of our brothers and sisters by our personal desires,	43:30
	which at times, cause us to act as if we had special rights	43:35
	and privileges which do not extend to all peoples.	43:40
	Lord, forgive us.	43:46
	And we are people who can be forgiven.	43:49
	We can turn around.	43:51
	And this is what we must do	43:53
	if we are to act as morally responsible people	43:55
	and here lies our hope.	43:59
	Let's seems to be an appropriate time,	44:02
	a good time to begin this.	44:04
	Recall the invitation from the Ash Wednesday service.	44:07
	I invite you to the observance of holy land	44:12
	by self-examination and repentance,	44:15
	by prayer and fasting and self denial,	44:17
	and by reading and meditating on God's holy word,	44:20
	and to make a right beginning of repentance as a remark	44:24
	of your moral nature.	44:30
	Combine this with the reading for Ash Wednesday from Isaiah,	44:32
	which reminds us that fasting is not an end in itself,	44:37
	rather it is a preparation which can sensitize us	44:42
	and enable us to let the oppressed go free,	44:47
	to share our bread with the hungry,	44:51
	to bring the homeless into our homes.	44:53
	Then shall the light break forth like dome.	44:56
	Then we shall call and the Lord will answer.	45:00
	Now, there are those of us here present today	45:06
	who see lent as a time of preparation, of renewal,	45:08
	a time of repentance, as a time for new beginnings,	45:12
	which do not end on Easter Sunday.	45:15
	And surely, all of us here today are caring people,	45:19
	we are concerned people, we feel responsible.	45:24
	We want to do what we can, but we also feel hopeless,	45:29
	helpless, and at times, discouraged.	45:34
	We feel alone isolated with our concerns.	45:39
	We are afraid that what we can do is so insignificant	45:45
	that it is not worth the effort.	45:50
	And we wonder why we should deny ourselves	45:53
	when no one else does,	45:57
	especially when some people ridiculed our efforts saying.	45:59
	"How stupid to think that turning off lights	46:03
	or giving up one meal will help this world?"	46:06
	We feel that the problem is too big and too complex	46:10
	and we are too powerful and ignorant of the real facts.	46:12
	Okay, that's where a lot of us are,	46:17
	but that is not where we have to stay.	46:21
	So today we are being called to claim what is possible	46:24
	and what may be uniquely possible as Christian communities.	46:30
	For it is as we work together	46:36
	that it will be possible for us to care for our neighbor	46:39
	who is starving, who is malnourished, who is hungry.	46:42
	We have seen evidences of such work in the past,	46:47
	and we see evidences of it in the present.	46:51
	We give thanks for what is happening now in this university	46:54
	as a result of the leadership of two students,	46:57
	Drake Boyd and David McCauley.	47:00
	But they cannot, in their communities, cannot do it alone.	47:03
	They need the support of the broader segments	47:07
	of the university and the larger community around us.	47:09
	We must work in groups and communities	47:13
	and within our institutions.	47:16
	Now, there are many reasons why it's critical	47:20
	for us to work corporately.	47:22
	Basic is the awareness of the presence of the power	47:24
	of the holy spirit, which has been promised to us	47:27
	and which is evidence within the community.	47:30
	Unless we have the perspective and the awareness	47:34
	of the supporting guidance of our holy God,	47:37
	we will become weak and discouraged.	47:39
	The spiritual dimension is essential	47:43
	for the direction and the sustaining of our work.	47:45
	And one of the people who have ever done this	47:49
	and have shown us the power is Dom Helder Camara,	47:52
	the Archbishop in Brazil who says,	47:57
	"The real God does not create our own misery,	48:00
	we cause it by our injustices."	48:04
	We need the support of the real God,	48:09
	which is given to us in the community.	48:13
	And we know that we have more power in our corporate action.	48:17
	We need personal support, both to correct us	48:23
	when our vision is distorted	48:27
	and to sustain us when we become discouraged.	48:29
	The task facing us is an impossible one in isolation.	48:35
	When we consider them enormity of the information,	48:41
	we need to have at our disposal in order to act responsible,	48:43
	information about food production and distribution,	48:48
	fertilizer, the number of persons this world can support,	48:52
	the role our government can and should play,	48:56
	the long range application of our actions, and on and on.	48:59
	We are overwhelmed.	49:04
	For one person, this is an impossible task.	49:06
	Working corporately, it becomes possible	49:10
	to share the responsibility in such a way	49:13
	that we will have the necessary knowledge available to us	49:16
	and that we can get the necessary work done.	49:20
	Now you found in your bulletin the covenant of simplicity,	49:24
	which was developed by the Duke University Parish Ministry	49:28
	based on the Shakertown page	49:33
	of The American Friends Service Committee.	49:34
	We are convinced	49:37
	that we must develop a more simple lifestyle.	49:38
	And those of us who choose to move	49:43
	toward a more simple lifestyle will find	49:44
	that the discipline is made easier and clearer	49:46
	when it is undertaken with persons	49:51
	who share these same values.	49:53
	Some of us have some fears of what this will mean,	49:57
	fears that we will be committing our families	50:00
	to less than human existence,	50:03
	that we will become malnourished,	50:04
	that we will not be able to tolerate a lifestyle	50:06
	without all the luxuries we are used to,	50:10
	and that's probably our real fear.	50:13
	And yet our rational nature knows that few of us	50:17
	in this congregation today are anywhere close	50:19
	to a minimum level of existence.	50:24
	Simple living does not mean ugliness, drabness, boredom.	50:27
	In fact, it means just the opposite,	50:32
	health, joy, aliveness, beauty.	50:35
	When we think of people	50:39
	for whom life has had the most meaning,	50:41
	the people who live by the values we cherish,	50:44
	we find little correlation between their way of living	50:48
	and their accumulation of possessions and luxurious.	50:53
	We are convinced that we must develop	50:59
	a more simple lifestyle in this country.	51:03
	We are convinced that this cannot be done in isolation.	51:07
	So we are called forth today to assume the moral leadership,	51:14
	which is necessary at this time.	51:19
	We are invited to seriously consider this covenant	51:24
	of simplicity now, but more important later	51:28
	with your family and friends when you can discuss	51:33
	which of these you choose to accept,	51:37
	what additions you want to meet, and decide	51:41
	what this means for you and your family and friends.	51:45
	Now, if you are visiting us today,	51:51
	we encourage you to go back to your community	51:53
	and give leadership to these issues.	51:55
	If you are a part of the Duke community,	51:59
	we encourage you to let us know if you accept this covenant	52:01
	so that we may develop a network of groups	52:06
	who can give leadership which will help.	52:09
	This community respond personally	52:12
	and corporately to see that food,	52:15
	a basic human right,	52:19
	food, a basic human right, is available to all persons.	52:23
	And to see that this happens both immediately	52:30
	and is also available for future generations.	52:33
	We are called forth to meet human need	52:39
	before we satisfy our personal desires.	52:44
	One of Rilke's poems haunts me constantly.	52:51
	Hear only one verse from it.	52:56
	(metronome ticking)	52:59
	"Whoever dies anywhere in this world,	53:00
	without cause dies in this world,	53:04
	looks at me."	53:08
	We are called for to change the death rate	53:12
	from starvation of one person every 2 1/2 seconds to zero.	53:16
	(metronome ticking)	53:21
	We are forth to work that all may eat and be satisfied.	53:24
	(metronome ticking)	53:31
	May God help us.	53:35
	(metronome ticking)	53:37
	Amen.	53:39
	(metronome ticking)	53:40
	(instrumental music)	53:49
	(opera music)	57:04
	(instrumental music)	1:00:44
-	Thou whose nature is itself true charity blessed these	1:02:07
	our gifts with thy bountiful graces	1:02:12
	that their fruits may be multiplied many times	1:02:15
	to everlasting praise and the salvation	1:02:18
	and nourishment of humankind.	1:02:22
	Amen.	1:02:25
	(instrumental music)	1:02:29
	The Lord bless you and keep you.	1:06:49
	The Lord make His face shine upon you	1:06:53
	and be gracious unto you.	1:06:56
	The Lord lift up His countenance upon you	1:07:00
	and give you His peace.	1:07:04
	Amen.	1:07:08
	(bell ringing)	1:07:13
	(instrumental music)	1:07:30

Item Info

Title:

Helen G. Crotwell - "All Ate and Were Satisfied" (March 9, 1975)

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4s46n76r

Date:

March 9, 1975

Speaker:

Crotwell, Helen Gray, 1925-2006

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 RR-0753
ref6707_2t7
uachapelsermaud
duke:628653
dcrau002723
ark:/87924/r4s46n76r
3e92719f-d177-4839-b891-302c74d7af67

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings

Related Resources:

See below

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

Limited Re-Use

CC BY-NC 4.0

Rights Note:

This recording may contain 3rd party materials, such as music or readings that are therefore not covered by the Creative Commons license indicated here. For more information see https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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Helen G. Crotwell - "All Ate and Were Satisfied" (March 9, 1975)

Transcript

Item Info

Related Item

Duke University Archives