Howard C. Wilkinson - "Spiritual Isometric Contractions" (January 27, 1963)

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-	Last October '21, a space probing craft was sent a loft	0:17
	by the United States Space Agency.	0:25
	And it passed by 300 miles away from the moon	0:29
	on a perfectly executed trip,	0:34
	which was entered into for the purpose of exploring	0:38
	the moon and photographing the moon	0:42
	by means of television cameras,	0:45
	which were carefully built into this spacecraft,	0:47
	which went by the name of Explorer 5.	0:52
	When this spacecraft passed by 300 miles from the moon	0:58
	it was in perfect position to take the pictures	1:03
	which would have revealed more information about the moon	1:06
	to American scientists and they had received	1:09
	and all of the previous years put together.	1:13
	This multi-million dollar project,	1:18
	however, was completely frustrated.	1:21
	It did not accomplish any of the things	1:24
	for which it was sent aloft,	1:27
	all of the money at the time research equipment	1:29
	and tremendous power that went into this project	1:34
	was for not.	1:37
	Ranger 5 did not function at the strategic moment	1:40
	for a very interesting reason.	1:46
	The power which went into the rocket	1:49
	which set it into orbit and finally then out of orbit	1:52
	into space.	1:56
	The tremendous power that was needed to guide the rocket	1:58
	and make it respond to the directions	2:03
	that were being sent aloft by scientists on earth	2:04
	was sufficient, but the relatively small amount of power	2:09
	that was needed to operate the television cameras	2:17
	at the strategic time that they needed to operate	2:21
	to take the pictures of the moon at the time	2:26
	Ranger 5 was passing the moon, was missing.	2:29
	The small batteries that were supposed to have the power	2:35
	to operate the camera were dead.	2:40
	This I think is a rather dramatic illustration	2:46
	of the fact that great power in general can be for not	2:49
	unless there is specific power to do the job.	2:54
	So that all of the other work and the other power	2:59
	that went into this project was quite insufficient	3:01
	because the project lacked specific power	3:06
	at the point it was necessary to get the job done.	3:08
	Now I mentioned this at the beginning of a sermon	3:14
	here in the Duke Chapel today	3:16
	for the purpose of illustrating the fact	3:17
	that the Christian movement in the world,	3:20
	the Christian enterprise, the Christian Church	3:23
	is very much like this.	3:26
	The Christian Church has tremendous power.	3:29
	If we were to assess the power of the Christian movement	3:33
	in the world today it would stagger the imagination.	3:36
	If you were to read the statistics as I have recently,	3:40
	that have been compiled by the National Council	3:45
	of the Churches of Christ in America.	3:47
	The number of Christians of each and every denomination	3:50
	in this country and in foreign countries, add them all up	3:54
	and see how many people there are in the world	3:58
	who named the name of Christ.	4:00
	It is a staggering total.	4:02
	And then if we were to consider the financial power	4:05
	of the Christian movement,	4:08
	that is to say not only the money that is possessed	4:10
	by these people who call themselves Christians,	4:13
	but the amount of money they give to Christian institutions,	4:15
	it is an impressive figure.	4:18
	Protestantism alone in the United States	4:20
	on the dimension one branch of Christiandom in one country	4:23
	contributed nearly $3 billion	4:26
	to the coffers of the Christian Church during the last year,	4:30
	this is financial strength.	4:35
	And then if we were to add up the power of influence	4:39
	which Christians have in the world today,	4:42
	judged by the positions of influence	4:46
	that Christian people have, this too would be impressive.	4:48
	The number of heads of governments who are Christians,	4:53
	the number of business and industrial leaders	4:56
	who are Christians,	4:58
	the number of educational leaders who are Christians.	4:59
	It would seem that the Christian movement in the world today	5:02
	has a great deal of general power,	5:06
	of whatever kind you might mention	5:10
	and of whatever kind is needed.	5:12
	But it is worth our while looking at the fact	5:15
	that unless we have developed, and if we do not have it,	5:18
	then unless we do develop specific strength at the points	5:22
	where the Christian movement must make contact	5:28
	with the problems of the world,	5:30
	we may fail as totally to win the world for Christ	5:33
	as Ranger 5 failed to execute the mission	5:38
	which had justified all that went into it.	5:43
	It is my opinion that the Christian movement	5:47
	that is to say you and me and people like us,	5:50
	are very often in the category of this space probing craft	5:56
	of the American Space Agency.	6:02
	We have great power in general, theological power,	6:04
	ecclesiastical power, liturgical power,	6:07
	but we do not have specific power	6:12
	when it comes to making any effective witness	6:14
	for the Christian movement in our day.	6:18
	At this point, I believe there is a very helpful lesson	6:24
	which the Christian movement can learn	6:28
	from the athletic world.	6:29
	And I would like therefore for you to think about	6:32
	a recent development in the athletic world,	6:34
	which has brought great benefit to athletes,	6:38
	to athletic teams, and which if we were to copy and apply	6:41
	to the Christian movement	6:45
	would bring equally great benefits to the church.	6:46
	I speak of a development that is known	6:50
	by the term Functional Isometric Contraction.	6:53
	Isometric contraction is a rather simple device	6:58
	that was developed	7:03
	mainly in the laboratories of Louisiana State University.	7:04
	It has been described in a number of publications.	7:08
	The principle of isometric contraction is simply this.	7:12
	It involves the development of functional athletic strength	7:18
	by static tension, by motionless movement,	7:24
	by the development of the muscles through great exertion	7:36
	in the position where greatest strength is needed.	7:42
	If an athlete needs his greatest strength with his arm bent,	7:48
	then the exercise is carried out	7:54
	with the arm in the bent position.	7:56
	If his greatest strength is needed	7:59
	with his arm outstretched,	8:01
	then he pushes with all his might	8:03
	against an immovable object with his arm outstretched.	8:05
	If his greatest strength is needed in his legs	8:10
	with his legs straight, then he pushes against something	8:13
	that isn't immovable with his legs straight.	8:16
	And it has been demonstrated in the laboratory	8:21
	that if an athlete will do this	8:23
	for a period of approximately 10 seconds, 10 to 12 seconds	8:26
	at the end of a general workout period,	8:31
	and he will do this once a day	8:34
	for a period of several months,	8:36
	he will increase his efficiency and his ability	8:39
	by as much as 20% and in some cases, 40%.	8:43
	This is certainly very often	8:49
	the margin between defeat and victory in athletic events.	8:52
	If a shot putter wants to excel in throwing the shot,	8:58
	it is important for him that he had general strength	9:03
	to be sure.	9:05
	But an athlete who wants to throw the shot	9:08
	may have great strength in general,	9:11
	but unless he has specific strength	9:14
	in his arms and shoulders	9:17
	at the point where it makes a difference	9:19
	in throwing the shot,	9:22
	someone else may win the event and he would lose it.	9:24
	But by means of isometric contraction	9:29
	of the muscles in the position of throwing the shot,	9:31
	he can develop and increase his strength by as much as 20%.	9:34
	In football, a putter who wishes to get that extra five	9:40
	or 10 yards on his punt may develop specific strength	9:46
	at the point where it makes a difference,	9:51
	by practicing isometric contraction	9:54
	of the muscles of the leg	9:58
	in the position where he makes contact with the football,	9:59
	he may add those extra five, 10 or 15 yards to his punt.	10:02
	The difference would not be that his overall strength	10:08
	would be greater, but his specific strength	10:10
	at this crucial point would be greater.	10:13
	The same is true of the passing arm of a quarterback.	10:18
	It is true of the muscles which a guard uses in the line	10:21
	when he is making contact with his opponent in the line.	10:25
	In our gymnasium, there is a device that has been built	10:30
	into which the guard may fit his body.	10:34
	And when he is in that harness or device	10:38
	he is in the position which he finds himself in	10:41
	when in the line he makes contact with his opponent.	10:45
	And in that harness, if he gives this isometric contraction	10:49
	exertion daily over a period of several months,	10:53
	he will increase his ability to move the man opposite him	10:56
	in the line by as much as 20%,	11:00
	this is the stuff out of which	11:03
	football victories are a fashion.	11:05
	A study has recently been made of the first three games	11:10
	which the University of North Carolina basketball team	11:13
	played this year.	11:16
	They played Georgia, Clemson	11:19
	and the University of South Carolina.	11:21
	They won those three games.	11:24
	The fact is, that the average height of the Georgia team,	11:28
	the Clemson team and the University of South Carolina team	11:33
	was greater than the height	11:36
	of the basketball team of the Tar Heels.	11:37
	But because the Tar Heel team had a particular exercise	11:41
	worked out for practicing isometric contraction,	11:47
	they out rebounded all three of those teams	11:51
	by a significant margin.	11:53
	And the out rebounding	11:56
	was the difference in winning the game.	11:59
	Now let some of you think that because I'm giving attention	12:02
	here to the Tar Heel basketball team	12:05
	instead of the Duke basketball team,	12:07
	that I have a greater interest in the team from Chapel Hill,	12:09
	I would point out that I do not wish to give away	12:12
	any of the secrets of the Duke team	12:15
	and so I'm talking about the Carolina team.	12:17
	I do not mind giving away the secrets of our opponents.	12:20
	The fact is, that in whatever sport you are engaged,	12:25
	if you practice the development of specific strength	12:29
	through this isometric contraction program,	12:32
	you can very greatly increase your effective achievement.	12:35
	Now it is a simple step from that,	12:42
	to the realm of Christian faith and practice,	12:47
	we Christians are called to be witnesses to Christ	12:50
	and to the meaning of his gospel in this world	12:53
	and in our day.	12:57
	This is not a general call,	12:59
	though it involves a general response,	13:02
	that we are called upon as Christians today	13:06
	to be as effective as we can in the encounter with the world	13:09
	at specific points.	13:15
	And though we as a Christian movement	13:17
	may have very great strength of membership, of money,	13:19
	of influence, theological power	13:22
	of great church buildings and so on.	13:24
	Unless we are strong at the points where the encounter	13:26
	is made in our day, we may lose and not win.	13:29
	We may be ineffective and not effective.	13:33
	Now, what are some of the points	13:37
	at which we need to develop specific strength as Christians?	13:39
	As Christians, we need to develop specific strength	13:44
	in the spiritual muscles	13:47
	which we use in kneeling in prayer.	13:49
	I am not here this morning to discuss certainly	13:53
	to debate whether or not a person should physically kneel	13:55
	when he prays.	13:59
	Spiritually he should kneel, in humility and in trust	14:00
	and in dedication to God in prayer.	14:05
	I believe that we Christians have weakness at this point.	14:09
	I believe that the people who make up	14:13
	the Christian movement certainly in America today,	14:15
	need to develop the spiritual muscles used in kneeling	14:18
	and in rising from prayer.	14:21
	I have in mind here both group prayer, corporate prayer,	14:24
	such as we have in services of worship from time to time	14:29
	as this morning, for example.	14:34
	And I have in mind also private individual prayer.	14:36
	It is very, very important that the people of God	14:41
	come together regularly for group prayer.	14:44
	Not only is it true that where two and three	14:48
	are gathered together in the name of Christ,	14:50
	there he is in their midst, but it is also true	14:53
	that we gain great strength from worshiping	14:56
	and approaching the throne of grace together.	15:00
	I need and you need the sustaining grace and strength	15:04
	which comes from worshiping God	15:08
	with your Christian brothers.	15:11
	Now, I know it is true as some people	15:15
	continually keep us reminded,	15:17
	that an individual may have communion with God in prayer,	15:21
	without going to the service of worship at the church,	15:25
	without joining together with others in prayer.	15:27
	He can do it in the privacy of his room.	15:31
	He can do it out on the golf course.	15:33
	He can do it out on a walk.	15:35
	He can do it driving along in his car between campuses.	15:37
	It is perfectly possible that he may be telling the truth	15:39
	that he can have communion with God	15:43
	without joining with others in prayer,	15:45
	in corporate services of worship.	15:48
	I will be honest and admit to him that he can do this	15:51
	if he will be honest with me and admit that he doesn't.	15:54
	The person who does not come to church to worship God	16:00
	very likely will not worship God solo.	16:03
	And so we do need to develop specific strength	16:09
	in coming together as the people of God for prayer.	16:12
	Also, we need to develop specific strength as individuals	16:17
	and going into our closets and closing the door	16:21
	and praying under the Heavenly Father individually.	16:25
	It is not a case of either, or it is a need for both end.	16:31
	And what I have said about group prayer	16:36
	could also be said about individual prayer.	16:38
	That unless we as individual Christians	16:40
	add to our group or corporate prayer,	16:43
	the practice of private prayer,	16:46
	it is likely that when we are present	16:47
	in a service of worship with others, we will not really pray	16:50
	when the prayers are being led or set.	16:53
	There is a kind of strength which comes from private prayer	16:59
	that does not come from anything else,	17:03
	and our Lord Jesus Christ made this very clear.	17:05
	The strength to stand alone, if need be,	17:10
	or at least to stand with a very small group	17:13
	or what you believe and know in your heart is right,	17:17
	comes mainly from this kind of private encounter	17:20
	with God in prayer,	17:23
	in which bridges are built between God and you,	17:24
	which enable you to realize in the midst of any situation	17:28
	that no matter how small the number with which you stand,	17:32
	you stand with the majority because you stand with God.	17:36
	Do you know the name of a man Raymond Sullivan,	17:42
	does it mean anything to you?	17:45
	Last week I read about Raymond Sullivan.	17:49
	A man who worked at a truck checking station	17:52
	at Washington DC.	17:55
	And one day, early in last year,	17:58
	a Ford truck pulled into this checking station	18:02
	and Raymond Sullivan checked it.	18:05
	It did not meet his specifications.	18:08
	And the difficulty was not that the truck	18:12
	was out of adjustment.	18:14
	Raymond Sullivan decided after looking at the truck	18:17
	and checking it that the truck was made wrong,	18:20
	that the design of the truck was bad.	18:23
	And that this truck,	18:27
	if allowed to drive even in good condition,	18:29
	would almost certainly cause a wreck	18:33
	and someone would be killed.	18:35
	But this is crazy.	18:38
	Here is one man working in a truck checking station	18:41
	who seems to be saying, that the entire resources	18:44
	of the Ford Motor Company	18:47
	have been brought to bear upon the creation of a truck	18:50
	and it has been made wrong.	18:53
	Well, surely a man would doubt his own senses	18:58
	under those circumstances, wouldn't he?	19:00
	Because everything that comes out of the major	19:01
	automobile manufacturing companies today	19:04
	has been tested and tested and tested in their laboratories,	19:06
	on the roads, by their engineers,	19:10
	by their scientists, by everyone.	19:11
	Who is one man working at a truck checking station to say	19:14
	that all that multi-billion dollar power	19:18
	of a great corporation has made a big mistake,	19:21
	but he said it and he called up the Ford dealer	19:27
	in Washington and said, "Come out here."	19:30
	The dealer came	19:32
	and he pointed out to him what he had noticed.	19:34
	The dealer said, "I believe you're right."	19:37
	And they called the Ford officials in Detroit	19:38
	and the officials came down and looked at the truck	19:40
	and they said, "You're right."	19:42
	And they took that truck back to Detroit.	19:44
	And they took out of circulation all of those models	19:45
	of the trucks that had already been put out for sale.	19:49
	And they withdrew the entire issue, stop production on it.	19:52
	And at a cost of $5 million corrected the mistake,	19:56
	which this one man caught	20:00
	at a checking station in Washington,	20:02
	after all their experts had missed it.	20:04
	Now I ask you in the moral realm,	20:08
	what kind of courage does it take to stand up	20:10
	against the crowd, like Raymond Sullivan stood up that day?	20:14
	There are times when you and I have to do this or else	20:19
	be unfaithful because the light that is within us,	20:23
	but this kind of courage as Jesus said,	20:26
	comes not except by prayer.	20:28
	And we in the Christian movement today	20:31
	are going to have to develop specific strength	20:34
	in the muscles spiritually,	20:37
	which enable us to kneel in prayer.	20:41
	There is another set of spiritual muscles	20:45
	that we need to develop	20:46
	and in which we need to gain specific strength.	20:48
	I refer to the muscles which we use when we reach out	20:51
	to clasp the hand of our Negro brothers.	20:54
	It is not enough for the Christian movement	21:00
	to deal in pious platitudes and in wonderful generalities	21:02
	about the brotherhood of man and equality and justice.	21:05
	We have come upon a time when it is important	21:09
	for the success of the Christian movement,	21:12
	the effectiveness of the Christian witness around the world	21:14
	for we white Christians to develop specific strength	21:17
	in the muscles we use in shaking hands	21:20
	with the Negro Christian.	21:24
	Too long we have said, generalities.	21:28
	Now we must develop specific strengths.	21:31
	Governor Terry Sanford of the State of North Carolina	21:35
	said this past week, that the time has come when businessman	21:37
	must voluntarily work out specific ways,	21:41
	not generalities, but specific ways	21:44
	in which significant employment	21:46
	can be given to our Negro citizens in this state.	21:48
	And how does this apply to Duke students?	21:52
	Here we are on this campus, we are not in Raleigh,	21:56
	we are not in Wilmington or Asheville,	21:58
	we are at Duke University.	22:00
	I think one of the ways by which it applies to us here	22:03
	is that the students of this university	22:07
	have been calling upon other people for some time	22:10
	to be Christian about race relations.	22:12
	The students of Duke University for a long time	22:15
	hammered away at the trustees of the university and said,	22:17
	"Admit Negroes to the student body of Duke."	22:20
	The trustees finally did.	22:23
	The students of Duke University have been hammering away	22:27
	at the downtown merchants in Durham saying,	22:29
	"You folks ought to be Christian in your places of business	22:31
	and we demand that you desegregate your places of business."	22:34
	But now what about Duke University?	22:40
	What about student organizations at Duke University?	22:41
	I do not believe that we can any longer	22:47
	have a clear conscience hammering away at other people	22:51
	until we begin to do something about our own houses.	22:54
	There are Duke University students who have carried signs	22:59
	and picket lines downtown, who are members of fraternities,	23:02
	which even yet will not admit a Negro student	23:05
	at Duke University.	23:07
	What are you going to do about that?	23:11
	I believe the time has come	23:14
	when the students of Duke University	23:16
	who are going to have some Negro students	23:18
	in the student body next year at the undergraduate level,	23:19
	need to develop the muscles	23:22
	specifically by which we clasp the hand	23:24
	of our fellow students, whose color is different from ours.	23:27
	I realized that the problems in this area are not easy,	23:33
	but are the problems of Christian faith ever easy?	23:36
	Do we want to ask for easy solutions and easy problems?	23:38
	Specific strength at this point is very important	23:44
	because we have seen what has happened	23:47
	on some of the other campuses of the United States	23:49
	when Negro students have been admitted	23:52
	and a climate of specific acceptance has not been developed.	23:53
	We have the remainder of this year	23:59
	in which to develop a climate of acceptance,	24:00
	in which to gain specific strength	24:02
	in the muscles of the hand clasp.	24:04
	Third and lastly,	24:09
	we shall have time to mention here this morning	24:09
	is the need for developing specifically those muscles	24:12
	which we use in beating swords into plowshares	24:14
	and spears into pruning hooks.	24:17
	We are living in as all of us are quite aware	24:21
	in a dangerous period.	24:23
	When I was President Kennedy has said	24:26
	and as Premier Khrushchev has said,	24:28
	"Either by accident or by stupidity or by design,	24:31
	the entire human race can be annihilated,	24:35
	in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye."	24:38
	Too many Christians for too long have relied too much	24:43
	upon President Kennedy cruise shop and mousey tongue	24:47
	to keep the peace.	24:51
	Just how unreliable that confidence is	24:53
	was shown us last fall,	24:56
	when the ships of the United States Navy	24:59
	were circling the island of Cuba	25:00
	and the ships of Soviet Russia	25:02
	were bearing down upon that circle.	25:04
	And there was one particular morning when we woke up	25:06
	that not a single citizen of the United States knew for sure	25:09
	that he would lie down to rest in his bed that night.	25:13
	And we listened to the radios, listen to the television.	25:16
	We asked the people we saw on the campus,	25:19
	what's the latest word, because we didn't know.	25:22
	And that one day the only thing which humanly stood between	25:26
	the annihilation of the human race	25:30
	and the situation in which we find ourselves this morning	25:32
	was the fact that Nikita Khrushchev backed down.	25:36
	I asked you, how long do you think we can safely rely upon	25:40
	that factor to keep the peace?	25:44
	We Christians are going to have to develop specific strength	25:50
	in the muscles which beat swords into plowshares.	25:53
	We are going to have to take the initiative	25:56
	in building those bridges and in creating those situations	25:59
	which make for peace and in the Christian gospel,	26:02
	there are the resources for the strengthening,	26:05
	but it is up to you and me to do it.	26:08
	Such projects as operation crossroads Africa,	26:13
	project Nicaragua,	26:17
	the short-term mission program of various churches,	26:20
	the long-term missionary program	26:24
	of our various denominations.	26:26
	These give a clue to the kind of strength	26:28
	which we in the Christian movement need to develop,	26:31
	the exchange of students	26:35
	from various universities centers around the world	26:37
	as an important way in which we can develop the strength.	26:41
	The giving of medical supplies and food	26:46
	to people in other nations	26:48
	is a way by which we can develop strength,	26:51
	but the strength must be developed.	26:53
	And if it is not, no matter how strong we may be in general,	26:57
	no matter how many Christian members	27:02
	we may have of our churches	27:04
	and how much money we may contribute,	27:05
	we shall do like Ranger 5 as it passed the moon,	27:08
	there will be great, massive strength in general,	27:12
	failing in its purpose,	27:15
	because it did not have the specific strength	27:16
	to do the needed job at the proper time.	27:19
	Yes, we need to develop strength specifically in prayer.	27:23
	We need to strengthen the muscles	27:28
	by which we clasp the hands of our brothers of every race.	27:29
	And we need to strengthen the muscles	27:34
	we use in leading swords into plowshares.	27:36
	Now, the Apostle Paul said when he wrote to the Corinthians,	27:42
	that athletes discipline themselves and dedicate themselves	27:46
	to the winning of a prize, or as he said,	27:52
	as it applied in that day,	27:55
	a reef that is a perishable wreath,	27:56
	but we Christians are striving for an imperishable wreath,	28:01
	the salvation of the world,	28:07
	the conversion of mankind to the Lord Jesus Christ	28:09
	and the development of a specific spiritual strengths	28:15
	in our day is very important in achieving this end.	28:17
	Oh God our Heavenly Father, thou has called us	28:30
	to a great and holy task in this high hour.	28:35
	Grant that by thy grace we may be faithful	28:40
	and that our response by thy grace may be sufficient.	28:43
	Now may the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.	28:48
	♪ Amen ♪	28:57

Item Info

Title:

Howard C. Wilkinson - "Spiritual Isometric Contractions" (January 27, 1963)

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4ng4mt4f

Date:

January 27, 1963

Speaker:

Wilkinson, Howard C.

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 RR-0214
ref5634_n6g
uachapelsermaud
duke:628549
dcrau002222
ark:/87924/r4ng4mt4f
fb8666fc-ef96-4ab1-85ef-a2ee38799baa

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings, 1954-2005

Related Resources:

See below

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

Limited Re-Use

Educational Use Permitted

Rights Note:

This material is made available for educational and non-commercial use. This recording may contain 3rd party materials, such as music or readings that are therefore not covered by the license indicated here. Copyright in this material has not been transferred to Duke University. For other reuses of this material beyond those permitted by fair use or otherwise allowed under the Copyright Act, please see our page on copyright and citations https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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Howard C. Wilkinson - "Spiritual Isometric Contractions" (January 27, 1963)

Transcript

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1. Howard C. Wilkinson - "Spiritual Isometric Contraction" (January 27, 1963)

Duke University Archives

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Howard C. Wilkinson - "Spiritual Isometric Contractions" (January 27, 1963)

Transcript

Item Info

Related Item

Duke University Archives

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