Robert E. Cushman - "What and Where Is Advent?" (December 6, 1959)
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Transcript
Transcripts may contain inaccuracies.
- | Let us pray. | 0:20 |
Almighty and eternal God, | 0:23 | |
grant that the words | 0:26 | |
which are spoken in this place, | 0:27 | |
maybe received in so far as they are | 0:30 | |
thy word into good and faithful hearts, | 0:33 | |
through Jesus Christ our Lord. | 0:37 | |
Amen. | 0:39 | |
And I see that mechanism | 0:44 | |
has taken over all so, | 0:45 | |
in Duke Chapel. | 0:49 | |
It may as well | 0:54 | |
be admitted from the start | 0:55 | |
that since Tuesday, | 0:57 | |
when I was obliged | 0:59 | |
to give my sermon topic, | 1:00 | |
but I have composed the sermon | 1:05 | |
and its title must now need to be changed. | 1:08 | |
To the title I must add a word, | 1:13 | |
the word when. | 1:16 | |
So now it reads, | 1:19 | |
what, where and when is Advent? | 1:21 | |
And I think I find that the added word | 1:27 | |
is all important. | 1:30 | |
I confess it is not always easy | 1:34 | |
to preach in Duke Chapel. | 1:36 | |
Sometimes I find it difficult. | 1:40 | |
I think because the preacher | 1:44 | |
does not know to whom he speaks, | 1:46 | |
and you are very far off. | 1:51 | |
I have found it a specially arduous | 1:55 | |
task this week, | 1:58 | |
partly because it has been my lot | 2:02 | |
to preach many Advents sermons here. | 2:05 | |
And so I ask, | 2:09 | |
is there an added word to say today? | 2:10 | |
In straits like this, | 2:14 | |
I sometimes ask for help from my family. | 2:17 | |
My small daughter, | 2:22 | |
with delight for irresponsibility | 2:23 | |
suggested I preach about horses. | 2:26 | |
Though I suppose she meant reindeers. | 2:30 | |
Another member, since the scouts | 2:34 | |
are here today in the body, | 2:37 | |
suggested a children's sermon. | 2:40 | |
And so I shall try, | 2:43 | |
with the understanding | 2:45 | |
that the Christian faith, | 2:47 | |
commends itself only to children in spirit. | 2:49 | |
Since our Lord declared, | 2:54 | |
"No one enters the Kingdom of God | 2:57 | |
except as a little child." | 3:00 | |
And that I suppose is what after all | 3:04 | |
is signified to us, | 3:06 | |
if we will look more closely | 3:09 | |
than we ordinarily do. | 3:11 | |
That is what is signified to us, | 3:14 | |
by the child in the humble manger bed | 3:17 | |
at Bethlehem. | 3:20 | |
But now our theme. | 3:23 | |
what, where and when is Advent? | 3:26 | |
Surely the revolving seasons | 3:31 | |
of the Christian year, | 3:33 | |
serve to remind us | 3:35 | |
of the great themes | 3:37 | |
of the Christian faith. | 3:40 | |
This is their purpose and justification. | 3:42 | |
As for Advent it is doubtless, | 3:45 | |
the most beloved, | 3:47 | |
as it is the most joyous season | 3:48 | |
of the Christian year. | 3:51 | |
Notice I say Christian year, | 3:54 | |
for Advent is not at all a season | 3:57 | |
of the secular year. | 4:00 | |
Although it is certainly | 4:02 | |
been appropriated by the world, | 4:04 | |
and now mingles its meaning confusingly | 4:07 | |
with that patron saint | 4:10 | |
of trade and commerce, | 4:12 | |
known for his jocular rotundity | 4:14 | |
and peaked red hat. | 4:17 | |
Advent I say is a joyous season. | 4:21 | |
It is so because it is the time, | 4:24 | |
when Christian people everywhere | 4:28 | |
prepare to celebrate | 4:31 | |
the birth of Jesus Christ. | 4:33 | |
Him whose matchless life, | 4:36 | |
so divided all the past | 4:39 | |
that was before Him, | 4:41 | |
from the sublime fulfillment | 4:43 | |
that was in Him, | 4:45 | |
that all subsequent history | 4:47 | |
came to be reckoned | 4:49 | |
from the year of His birth. | 4:51 | |
And all dominate | 4:54 | |
the year of the Lord, | 4:57 | |
is for Christians the dividing line | 4:59 | |
between the age of the prophets. | 5:02 | |
Of longing and of hope deferred, | 5:06 | |
and the age of promise, | 5:10 | |
the age of hope fulfilled. | 5:11 | |
The author of the epistle | 5:16 | |
to the Hebrews says, | 5:18 | |
"God having of old time | 5:21 | |
spoken unto the fathers | 5:23 | |
and the prophets, | 5:25 | |
has at the end of these days, | 5:27 | |
spoken unto us in His son." | 5:30 | |
For these reasons, | 5:35 | |
Advent is a joyous season, | 5:37 | |
a season of heightened expectation. | 5:41 | |
But if this is all we mean by Advent, | 5:44 | |
then it is really not hard to understand. | 5:48 | |
It is a stretch of time | 5:52 | |
filled by the four Sundays before Christmas. | 5:53 | |
As such it is a period | 5:57 | |
in the ecclesiastical calendar. | 5:59 | |
It is celebrated in the church | 6:02 | |
with distinctive liturgy and music. | 6:04 | |
These are singularly pure | 6:09 | |
and beautiful in themselves. | 6:11 | |
It is the time of Christmas carol, | 6:14 | |
of folk song and of Handel's Messiah. | 6:18 | |
It occupies the month of December, | 6:22 | |
until the 12 days of Christmas, | 6:25 | |
and is eventually succeeded | 6:28 | |
by more normal routines | 6:30 | |
that follow the pagan festival of new years. | 6:33 | |
Then we are back again, admittedly, | 6:38 | |
possibly somewhat worse for | 6:41 | |
where in the workaday world | 6:43 | |
of the common round | 6:46 | |
of duties to be done. | 6:47 | |
Man, we look forward to summer vacation. | 6:50 | |
Is this Advent? | 6:55 | |
If so, then here, | 6:58 | |
what we have it's what? | 7:00 | |
And it's where? | 7:03 | |
And it's when? | 7:04 | |
And that's the pity of it. | 7:05 | |
If Advent is simply a season | 7:08 | |
of the Christian year, | 7:10 | |
then it is more nearly | 7:11 | |
something we pass through, | 7:13 | |
than something that passes through us. | 7:15 | |
We may have experienced the season, | 7:18 | |
caught something of it's honest, | 7:22 | |
cheer and grace, | 7:24 | |
but we easily fail | 7:26 | |
to grasp and be grasped | 7:27 | |
by what it signifies. | 7:30 | |
For the season of Advent | 7:33 | |
points beyond itself, | 7:34 | |
to a reality in the life | 7:37 | |
of Christian people in all ages. | 7:39 | |
And that reality is, | 7:42 | |
newness of life, | 7:44 | |
the new life of humanity in Jesus Christ, | 7:46 | |
and it's watch word is, | 7:50 | |
"Behold I make all things new." | 7:51 | |
It's distinctive message, | 7:55 | |
is summarized for us in John's gospel. | 7:58 | |
"He was in the world, | 8:02 | |
and the world was made through Him, | 8:04 | |
and the world knew Him not. | 8:08 | |
He came onto His own, | 8:11 | |
and they that were His own, | 8:13 | |
received Him not, | 8:15 | |
but as many as received Him, | 8:18 | |
to them gave He the right | 8:21 | |
to be called the children of God." | 8:24 | |
And then John adds, | 8:27 | |
"And the word was made flesh | 8:29 | |
and dwelt among us." | 8:33 | |
So we ask once more, | 8:36 | |
"What, where, and when is Advent?" | 8:39 | |
What is Advent? | 8:45 | |
According to John's gospel, | 8:48 | |
It is Jesus Christ Himself. | 8:50 | |
It is the word made flesh | 8:54 | |
that dwelt among us, | 8:56 | |
whose glory was recognized by some, | 8:59 | |
but not by all. | 9:01 | |
But for those who had eyes to see, | 9:04 | |
it was the fulfillment | 9:07 | |
of Israel's ancient hope, | 9:08 | |
so long before. | 9:11 | |
Where is Advent?, | 9:14 | |
According to St. John, | 9:16 | |
it is wherever the word made flesh | 9:18 | |
is received rather than rebuffed and rejected. | 9:22 | |
It is wherever man reversed themselves | 9:27 | |
and commit their highest loyalty, | 9:30 | |
their whole devotion | 9:32 | |
to God and his kingdom. | 9:34 | |
When is Advent? | 9:37 | |
Again according to St. John, | 9:40 | |
it is when the old life | 9:43 | |
of men is born a new, | 9:45 | |
not of blood nor of the will of the flesh, | 9:48 | |
but of God. | 9:51 | |
It is when to use St Paul's words, | 9:53 | |
"There is through faith, | 9:56 | |
a transition from the life of sin | 9:58 | |
to the life of righteousness. | 10:01 | |
Which for him is a passage | 10:03 | |
from death to life." | 10:05 | |
There's mystery here. | 10:10 | |
So let us look more closely at the what? | 10:15 | |
And the where? | 10:19 | |
And the when of Advent. | 10:21 | |
Only this morning we shall reverse | 10:24 | |
the more natural order, | 10:26 | |
and begin with the when? | 10:28 | |
Proceed to the where? | 10:31 | |
And finally consider the what? | 10:32 | |
Now if we ask the question, | 10:38 | |
when is Advent? | 10:40 | |
The New Testament abounds with answers, | 10:42 | |
yet we tend to ignore them | 10:47 | |
because our attention | 10:49 | |
focuses too readily upon the what? | 10:50 | |
And even upon the how? | 10:53 | |
In general the New Testament answer | 10:57 | |
about the when of Advent, | 10:59 | |
is that it occurs | 11:02 | |
whenever men and women, | 11:03 | |
so encounter the power | 11:06 | |
of Christ's spirit, | 11:07 | |
is that the prevailing inner conflicts | 11:09 | |
of loyalty in their lives | 11:13 | |
that divide men against themselves | 11:15 | |
is resolved in favor of God, | 11:17 | |
of His kingdom and of His righteousness. | 11:20 | |
Consider Jesus. | 11:25 | |
He began His ministry in Galilee | 11:28 | |
with an announcement, | 11:31 | |
with a summon to His people. | 11:32 | |
"The time is fulfilled." | 11:35 | |
He said. | 11:37 | |
"The Kingdom of God is at hand. | 11:38 | |
Repent ye and believe the good news. | 11:41 | |
Advent occurs when men actually face | 11:46 | |
and accept for themselves, | 11:49 | |
the time as a time of repentance, | 11:52 | |
heed the summons to decision, | 11:55 | |
revise the order of their values, | 11:58 | |
and commit themselves to a course | 12:02 | |
that by contrast with the old one, | 12:05 | |
makes all things new. | 12:08 | |
So far Zacchaeus, | 12:12 | |
republican of Jericho, | 12:14 | |
the tax farmer of scheming, | 12:17 | |
and miserly traits | 12:19 | |
of ruthless and unscrupulous dealing. | 12:21 | |
For Zacchaeus the encounter with Jesus, | 12:24 | |
was an unforeseen, | 12:27 | |
and unforeseeable time for decision, | 12:29 | |
and for entrance upon a new life. | 12:32 | |
It was not a time Zacchaeus had sought. | 12:36 | |
This unlikely candidate for salvation | 12:40 | |
climbed a Sycamore tree | 12:44 | |
to have a better look | 12:45 | |
at the celebrity passing through, | 12:47 | |
the prophet from Nazareth of Galilee. | 12:50 | |
Perhaps a half disguised | 12:55 | |
and roughly repressed his quiet, | 12:57 | |
prompted Zacchaeus | 13:01 | |
to venture forth that day, | 13:03 | |
for a glimpse of Jesus, | 13:05 | |
we shall never know. | 13:07 | |
Suddenly to his astonishment, | 13:10 | |
the man perched in the Sycamore tree, | 13:14 | |
who came only to look on, | 13:17 | |
discovers himself a chief character in the act. | 13:19 | |
Jesus intrudes Himself upon the life | 13:24 | |
and anonymity of one | 13:28 | |
who had no desire even to be noticed, | 13:30 | |
least of all to be disturbed. | 13:34 | |
Zacchaeus' time had come. | 13:37 | |
It was fulfilled. | 13:39 | |
He clambered from his perch, | 13:44 | |
and confirmed joyfully the invitation | 13:47 | |
which all unsolicited, | 13:50 | |
Jesus had asked for Himself, | 13:52 | |
for Jesus was always, | 13:55 | |
and still is though, unwanted, | 13:57 | |
asking Himself into our lives. | 13:59 | |
"Behold," | 14:03 | |
He says, | 14:05 | |
"I stand at the door and knock. | 14:06 | |
If any man hear my voice | 14:09 | |
and open the door, | 14:12 | |
I will come into him, | 14:14 | |
and sup with him and he with me." | 14:16 | |
Zaccheaus opened the door, | 14:20 | |
the door of his life. | 14:23 | |
And as Jesus walked in, | 14:26 | |
all that was mean and blow. | 14:28 | |
All that was sorted and depraved, | 14:31 | |
was painfully revealed | 14:34 | |
in the light of the now illuminated interior. | 14:36 | |
The time was fulfilled. | 14:40 | |
The time for repentance had come, | 14:43 | |
the Kingdom of God had drawn nigh. | 14:46 | |
A wave of revulsion | 14:50 | |
overwhelmed Zaccheaus | 14:51 | |
as the mean and shabby trappings | 14:53 | |
of his inner life stood disclosed | 14:56 | |
in all their dreary, | 14:58 | |
and pretentious impoverishment. | 15:01 | |
The majestic calm, | 15:05 | |
and crystalline goodwill | 15:06 | |
of Jesus was shriveling, | 15:08 | |
and annihilating | 15:11 | |
the demons of self-interest, | 15:12 | |
which had long held tenancy there. | 15:14 | |
And the dwarf in the stunted soul | 15:19 | |
which had imprisoned itself | 15:21 | |
within defensive wall | 15:23 | |
of its own self making burst its bars. | 15:26 | |
It heard the summons to repentance | 15:32 | |
and it heed it. | 15:35 | |
It capitulated to the transparent goodness, | 15:38 | |
confronting it in the person of Jesus. | 15:42 | |
Zaccheaus had made entrance into the kingdom, | 15:45 | |
in company with all true sons of Abraham. | 15:51 | |
For Zacchaeus stood and said, | 15:57 | |
"Behold, Lord. | 16:00 | |
The half of my goods, | 16:02 | |
I give unto the poor. | 16:04 | |
And if I have wronged | 16:07 | |
for the exacted auth of any man, | 16:08 | |
I restore fourfold." | 16:11 | |
This is capitulation. | 16:13 | |
This is repent. | 16:17 | |
This is decision. | 16:19 | |
This is restitution, | 16:21 | |
and this is Advent. | 16:23 | |
When is Advent? | 16:30 | |
Jesus said, | 16:32 | |
"Today is salvation come to this house? | 16:34 | |
When is Advent? | 16:41 | |
It is whenever man resolve the division | 16:43 | |
and conflict between love of self, | 16:46 | |
and love of God, | 16:50 | |
and becometh one with their Maker. | 16:51 | |
It is whenever there is passage | 16:55 | |
from an old to a new order | 16:59 | |
of being and living. | 17:01 | |
And the New Testament | 17:06 | |
is full of instances of such passage. | 17:07 | |
The pages are loaded with them. | 17:12 | |
It happened to the apostle Paul | 17:16 | |
on the road to Damascus. | 17:18 | |
When Saul ceased | 17:21 | |
to be a persecutor of Christ, | 17:22 | |
and surrendered to Him, | 17:26 | |
and was renamed Paul. | 17:27 | |
Advent happened in the life | 17:30 | |
of the apostle Peter belatedly | 17:32 | |
went in his total self defeat. | 17:35 | |
Peter cried out | 17:38 | |
to the one upon the shore | 17:40 | |
of the lake of Galilee, | 17:41 | |
"Depart from me Lord, | 17:43 | |
for I am a sinful man." | 17:45 | |
Here is proper self-understanding, | 17:48 | |
and where Christ is recognized, | 17:51 | |
many they must repent | 17:54 | |
and confess Him as Lord like Zaccheaus, | 17:56 | |
or they cannot abide Him, | 18:00 | |
and must reject Him. | 18:01 | |
Jesus impels them to come away | 18:05 | |
from what they are. | 18:08 | |
And if they cannot abide Him, | 18:11 | |
they become alienated | 18:12 | |
and hostile like the Pharisees, | 18:14 | |
or they go away sorrowful, | 18:17 | |
like the rich ruler. | 18:19 | |
But those who receive Him, | 18:24 | |
to them He still gives, | 18:27 | |
the right to become sons of God. | 18:31 | |
But now where is Advent? | 18:38 | |
From what has been said about the when, | 18:44 | |
plainly Advent is anywhere men | 18:48 | |
have really tangled with Jesus Christ. | 18:51 | |
And in that engagement, | 18:55 | |
have recognized the time of fulfillment, | 18:56 | |
their hour when they could no longer postpone | 18:58 | |
decision for God. | 19:03 | |
When they can no longer settle | 19:08 | |
for what they are, | 19:10 | |
and are forced to find a resolution | 19:11 | |
for the anxiety | 19:14 | |
of perpetual postponement and compromise, | 19:16 | |
through a decisive commitment. | 19:20 | |
Where is Advent? | 19:24 | |
And it is fulfillment of the angels song | 19:26 | |
for it is the Advent of inner peace. | 19:30 | |
It is the fulfillment of prophecy | 19:34 | |
and an altered key, | 19:36 | |
for where is peace to be found. | 19:39 | |
This is the question of our day. | 19:43 | |
Certainly only where there is integrity of mind, | 19:46 | |
where there is unanimity | 19:51 | |
of the soul with itself | 19:53 | |
through community with its Maker. | 19:55 | |
And since men were finding this | 19:58 | |
through the transformation of life | 20:01 | |
that Jesus evoked, | 20:03 | |
they not only knew Him as Lord, | 20:05 | |
but they saw in Him the fulfillment | 20:07 | |
of the word of Micah the prophet, | 20:10 | |
"This man shall be our peace | 20:12 | |
for thou Bethlehem, | 20:17 | |
which are but little | 20:19 | |
among the thousands of Judah, | 20:21 | |
out of thee shall come forth onto me, | 20:23 | |
one that is to be ruler in Israel | 20:25 | |
whose goings forth are from of old, | 20:29 | |
from everlasting. | 20:32 | |
And this man shall be our peace." | 20:34 | |
Where is Advent? | 20:40 | |
It is wherever men encounter Christ | 20:43 | |
for repentance and transformation of life. | 20:45 | |
It is wherever they are born of God, | 20:50 | |
as John says, | 20:53 | |
not of blood, | 20:54 | |
nor of the will of the flesh, | 20:56 | |
nor of the will of man, but of God. | 20:59 | |
It is where the kingdom of this world | 21:02 | |
is become the kingdom of our Lord | 21:05 | |
and of His Christ. | 21:07 | |
And when this happens He shall reign | 21:08 | |
in human hearts forever and ever. | 21:11 | |
But finally what is Advent? | 21:16 | |
Plainly it is the meeting of man with God | 21:20 | |
in such a way as that man is raised | 21:25 | |
to a new level of being, | 21:28 | |
that is above existence. | 21:32 | |
It is a decisive meeting | 21:35 | |
in which reconciliation | 21:37 | |
replaces both alienation, | 21:40 | |
and mere physical dependency. | 21:43 | |
All human existence is always | 21:47 | |
in the power of God, | 21:49 | |
and in the presence of God, | 21:51 | |
but it is not always | 21:53 | |
in the conscious acknowledgement of God. | 21:55 | |
So at Advent man passes | 21:59 | |
from simple factual dependence upon God, | 22:02 | |
to eager and glad community with Him. | 22:07 | |
He accepts God's invitation | 22:11 | |
to come home in his life. | 22:14 | |
But Christians are persuaded | 22:20 | |
that there is one | 22:23 | |
who is the mediator of this community, | 22:24 | |
and this newness of life. | 22:27 | |
Christian faith exalts | 22:30 | |
the one whose word and deed, | 22:31 | |
whose ministry and death | 22:33 | |
were the instrument | 22:36 | |
and mediation of this community. | 22:38 | |
He was one who was born | 22:42 | |
in the age of Caesar Augustus, | 22:44 | |
was crucified under Pontius Pilate. | 22:48 | |
During the days of His ministry, | 22:52 | |
He came and preached peace | 22:54 | |
to those that were far off, | 22:56 | |
and to those who were near. | 22:58 | |
He called disciples. | 23:01 | |
He healed the sick. | 23:02 | |
Sinners enter the kingdom under the power | 23:05 | |
of His word in person. | 23:07 | |
Those who might have been expected to welcome | 23:10 | |
and receive His message, | 23:14 | |
rejected both it and Him. | 23:16 | |
While those who had no special expectation | 23:20 | |
of salvation received Him gladly, | 23:23 | |
and found Him to be | 23:27 | |
the way, the truth, and the light. | 23:28 | |
So as Simon had foretold in the temple, | 23:32 | |
Jesus was set for the falling | 23:36 | |
and rising of many in Israel, | 23:39 | |
and for a sign which is spoken against. | 23:42 | |
Thus He came unto His own, | 23:46 | |
but His own received Him not. | 23:49 | |
They still reject Him, | 23:52 | |
and some even vilify His name, | 23:54 | |
partly because they have suffered | 23:57 | |
on numbered wrongs from men who bear | 24:00 | |
the name of Christian. | 24:03 | |
But there were many not offended in Him, | 24:09 | |
who received Him gladly, | 24:13 | |
out of experience of new life | 24:15 | |
and community with God. | 24:17 | |
These testified and still testify today | 24:20 | |
that as many as receive Him, | 24:24 | |
to them gives He the right | 24:26 | |
to become children of God. | 24:28 | |
And these who testify | 24:31 | |
are convinced that Jesus Christ | 24:33 | |
gives this right and power | 24:36 | |
because He is Himself Son of God, | 24:38 | |
whose goings forth are from of old, | 24:42 | |
from everlasting. | 24:45 | |
They testify even today | 24:47 | |
that this man is our peace, | 24:49 | |
because they know it in experience. | 24:52 | |
They declared with St. John, | 24:54 | |
that the eternal word | 24:56 | |
of God's purpose to community | 24:57 | |
with man was made flesh in Christ | 25:00 | |
and has dwelled among us. | 25:04 | |
They so testify, because they must speak | 25:08 | |
out of the new life which He imparts. | 25:12 | |
And so they say, | 25:16 | |
"We beheld His glory. | 25:17 | |
Glory as of the only begotten of the Father, | 25:20 | |
full of grace and truth." | 25:24 | |
What is Advent? | 25:28 | |
It is the reign of God in the human life | 25:31 | |
so that He shall reign forever and ever. | 25:36 | |
It is such a reign as is visible | 25:40 | |
in Christ and in lesser magnitude, | 25:43 | |
in those who receive Him. | 25:46 | |
For again, Advent is what Saint Paul called, | 25:49 | |
the glory of God, | 25:55 | |
in the face of Jesus Christ. | 25:57 | |
But I would warn you, | 26:00 | |
that this glory is visible | 26:02 | |
only to those who receive Him. | 26:05 | |
This has been a children's sermon, | 26:08 | |
despite what you think. | 26:11 | |
For none receive Him | 26:14 | |
except as a little child, | 26:15 | |
such that is who are not so sufficient | 26:18 | |
in their own pettiness | 26:22 | |
as to receive His everlasting greatness. | 26:24 | |
Amen. | 26:28 | |
Let us pray. | 26:29 | |
Oh, holy child of Bethlehem. | 26:38 | |
Listen to us, we pray, | 26:41 | |
cast out our sin and enter in, | 26:44 | |
be born in us today | 26:47 | |
We hear the Christmas angels, | 26:49 | |
the great, glad tidings tale. | 26:52 | |
Oh come to us, | 26:56 | |
abide with us, | 26:58 | |
our Lord Emmanuel. | 27:00 | |
And now onto God's gracious care | 27:03 | |
and keeping I commit you. | 27:06 | |
The Lord bless you and keep you, | 27:08 | |
the Lord lift up His countenance upon you, | 27:10 | |
and give you peace. | 27:14 |