Evans E. Crawford - "A Message for the Left Hand" (May 7, 1967)

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	(pipe organ plays)	0:02
	(footsteps)	0:22
	(coughing)	0:28
-	I hope I'm safe.	0:32
	In concluding that most of you have	0:35
	long since celebrated with me the	0:38
	ending of the civil war	0:43
	and will permit me to speak of one of the famous generals.	0:44
	General Otis Howard.	0:49
	The institution where I'm privileged to serve bears his name	0:52
	and he was it's third president	0:55
	and currently we are enjoying	0:58
	observing our centennial year.	1:02
	Of course we're concerned about the next 100 years but	1:07
	in view of what some of you may have read on yesterday	1:13
	you can understand where some of us	1:15
	are just concerned to get through next year.	1:16
	You may have read that there has been a--	1:22
	long with our centennial a sort of confrontation	1:25
	between administration	1:28
	and some students and faculty.	1:30
	And since I understand that such confrontations	1:33
	are being shared among several schools	1:35
	including yours	1:37
	I guess we can take a strange comfort	1:39
	in that kind of equality.	1:42
	But grace has brought us on thus far	1:45
	and I'm sure that grace or the new left	1:47
	will do its share to lead us on	1:51
	into the future.	1:53
	But I mention Howard because	1:55
	it has been in view of a literal fact	2:00
	concerning the life of General Howard	2:02
	that has sparked what I call	2:07
	meditations for the left hand.	2:10
	For in the battle during the civil war	2:14
	near Richmond, Virginia	2:16
	General Howard lost his right arm	2:19
	had to be amputated.	2:23
	And he went through the war	2:26
	and the rest of his life	2:28
	with just an empty sleeve.	2:31
	He had tried an artificial arm but he didn't like it.	2:34
	And he went through life with the empty sleeve.	2:38
	Certainly thinking about the suggestive images that	2:44
	would some how catch the theme of his life	2:49
	this scripture came to mind.	2:54
	As I considered, not his work at Howard	2:56
	but his work for many educational institutions.	3:01
	Predominately negro, but only negro	3:06
	in the south in cooperation with many denominations	3:10
	and other groups.	3:13
	Liberally, in the context of our scripture	3:18
	which was read for you from Matthew.	3:21
	The 6th chapter the third verses and those following.	3:24
	General Howard did not let his left hand know	3:32
	what his right hand was doing first because he couldn't.	3:38
	But symbolically he did not either.	3:42
	For Howard University, was founded in the prayer meeting	3:46
	in the First Congregational Church.	3:50
	Tenth and G in Washington, D.C.	3:52
	And it seems an appropriate fitting for	3:56
	the recent period in which we have observed	3:58
	and celebrated the centennial Civil War occasions	4:02
	and also in which many institutions	4:05
	not only Howard that this current time	4:08
	or just a few years away will be observing 100 years.	4:10
	It suggest something about a minority	4:15
	that is relevant and which can be explored	4:19
	as we consider the ranges of the left hand.	4:22
	Incidentally there is a current	4:26
	article in Ebony magazine	4:29
	the May issue of May Ebony magazine	4:31
	by Hans J. Massaquoi under a title	4:33
	'Left is the Maligned Minority'	4:37
	He says that whatever your color, your sex, your nationality	4:40
	or previous condition of servitude chances are	4:43
	that you are one of an estimated 200 million left handers.	4:48
	That much neglected and maligned minority.	4:52
	Now I speak from a minority group very often	4:56
	likewise I speak to a minority group very often	5:00
	but this is going to be very enjoyable to me	5:03
	because I'm privileged to speak now to a minority	5:05
	that we can pick out of this group.	5:09
	For some of you are left handed	5:11
	and Massaquoi says that you are,	5:12
	you have a lot of problems.	5:15
	You live in a right handed world for one thing.	5:17
	He said only the right handed hand shake will do.	5:20
	It's proper that only the right hand	5:23
	should hold the writing pen.	5:25
	Only the right hand is to be trusted when raising	5:27
	and taking the oath.	5:30
	There are many things that lefters have to suppress	5:32
	or many things in which they will have to conform	5:35
	in a right handed pulp	5:37
	or be miserable amidst gadgets	5:39
	and tools and musical instruments	5:42
	buttons and keys and what not.	5:44
	However, the word is not hopeless.	5:47
	For one message for the left handers	5:52
	is that there is hope on the way.	5:56
	He reports that after reviewing the various theories	5:58
	about how we have diverse differentiations by the hand,	6:01
	he then concludes	6:04
	by saying that manufactures now	6:07
	are considering left handers	6:08
	and you'll be able to get all sort of instruments	6:10
	Left handed musical instruments, left handed scissors	6:12
	and so that there's hope for you.	6:15
	For those of you then that have wondered about the title	6:17
	and you're left handed	6:20
	that is the message for you	6:21
	that comes out of a recent article	6:23
	and some research about left handed people in the world.	6:24
	But really the minority with which	6:29
	I have been concerned	6:32
	and the perspective of the life of General Howard	6:34
	uh, properly fits the minority I think	6:38
	to whom Jesus was talking in Matthew.	6:40
	For Jesus was talking to a minority	6:45
	He was talking to his disciples	6:47
	and those who had come to join His band	6:49
	He was giving a sermon on the mount	6:53
	the situation over against which He spoke.	6:57
	Was a situation of the Pharisees.	7:00
	If we were honest with ourselves we could not say	7:03
	that these were wicked people,	7:05
	they were upstanding citizens of the community.	7:06
	People who took their religion seriously	7:09
	but people who as Jesus saw it	7:13
	had not broken through to the proper balance	7:17
	that God always call us to in a form of liberation.	7:21
	They had not outwitted the ego	7:26
	as Allan Watts talks about it in 'Beyond Theology'.	7:28
	They had not broken the circle of self conscientiousness.	7:33
	So, as although they had intended	7:37
	for this was not a part of their tradition.	7:39
	He used the proverb like statement	7:42
	even when they prayed	7:45
	their left hand knew exactly	7:48
	what their right hand was doing	7:50
	so they blew trumpets	7:53
	so that they would call attention to it.	7:55
	Or they stood in the street	7:58
	so that they could be seen of men.	8:00
	Not evil people, serious people	8:04
	but they had not outwitted the ego.	8:07
	They had not prepared themselves	8:12
	to get into the vision were God works	8:16
	and God works in secret.	8:18
	God works upon the heart.	8:21
	Now Jesus said to His disciples	8:25
	When you give your arms	8:28
	when you do your works of your righteousness.	8:31
	Don't let the right hand	8:35
	know what the left is doing	8:39
	and don't let the left know what the right is doing.	8:40
	This is the message	8:42
	that Matthew reports for us for the left hand.	8:46
	It's well known, it's familiar	8:49
	and I suggest this morning it might be helpful	8:51
	for us in the university setting first,	8:53
	to see how this may apply to us	8:55
	and then let's look at it	8:58
	in a fast moving era of our lives of social change	9:00
	in the urban community	9:03
	and finally view it in it's ultimate context for all of us.	9:05
	I think Jerome S. Bruner,	9:08
	in his book written in 19 hundred 62	9:11
	'On Knowing' with the subtitle, Essays for the Left Hand.	9:13
	You may be familiar with it	9:18
	those of you who are in Psychology.	9:20
	He said that he has written the book	9:22
	because from a child	9:24
	he's always been struck by the symbolism	9:25
	of the right and left hand.	9:28
	And you might say that a man	9:31
	reaching with a right hand is, is the reach of science.	9:33
	He said that's not so important alone	9:38
	the most exciting thing about that is	9:41
	the great hypotheses however,	9:43
	are gifts held in the left hand.	9:46
	And he said this has intrigued him.	9:49
	Really you could say that when man	9:52
	reaches with the left hand	9:55
	he reaches for art	9:57
	but we could not say that the right hand	9:58
	is not important because man needs technique.	10:00
	He needs order.	10:04
	But he has written this book	10:06
	primarily to explore the range of the left hand,	10:07
	and it's influence upon the act of knowing.	10:11
	He has found that in the process of writing in his field	10:16
	of psychology, usually the journals report	10:19
	to the abstraction which are necessary.	10:22
	The work of the right hand,	10:25
	but it says here that	10:28
	he has found that as he has studied	10:29
	and done further investigations	10:30
	that it's also interesting to get the other kind of writing,	10:33
	Where people let you know about the metaphors.	10:36
	The intuitive processes.	10:40
	Which are usually symbolized by the left hand	10:43
	because he feels that man will find that proper rhythm,	10:46
	even in the pursuit of knowledge and truth	10:49
	whereby he can catch the metaphors	10:52
	and then domesticate them	10:55
	and make them ready to be tested.	10:59
	He's really concerned about that perception	11:03
	of the intuitive processes of mankind.	11:08
	Whereby we can then make the shift	11:11
	to the right hand	11:16
	and we can work with order	11:17
	and with imagination.	11:19
	That's a word for the left hand	11:22
	of those who pursue truth within the university.	11:25
	I've always been intrigued in my own life	11:28
	at Boston University when the school was consolidating	11:30
	having been located all over the city	11:33
	and they brought together the School of Theology	11:35
	right up the street, they brought the School of Fine Arts	11:38
	and I never will forget that the students	11:40
	in the College of Business	11:41
	always looked at the ministers you see	11:44
	and the artists as if we were some kind of queer individuals	11:46
	you now how this kind of mentality works.	11:50
	Well actually it's only a symbol	11:54
	but it does seem sometimes if the artist has to apologize.	11:56
	It does seem sometimes if the minister is too sentimental.	12:02
	And while it might be,	12:06
	but maybe this word from Jerome Bruner,	12:08
	just a word for an appreciation of the left hand	12:11
	might put into proper perspective	12:14
	the interdisciplinary concerns which we all ought	12:17
	to consider as we go on into the new century	12:19
	and consider the problems of our time.	12:22
	Now Jerome Bruner says	12:26
	that if we consider then the left hand	12:29
	not be ashamed of it	12:32
	and work out within internal processes	12:34
	the ability to make the shift.	12:38
	He believes that education will be freer	12:42
	and those of us who march from the campuses	12:44
	will be more competent not only	12:47
	of the mind, but of the heart and of the soul.	12:50
	And so there's a message for the left hand	12:55
	relevant to the university.	12:57
	But now those of us that consider the words of Jesus	13:01
	the minority disciples consider if you will	13:03
	the minority of us who are privileged to participate	13:06
	in higher education.	13:09
	Think about what General Howard symbolized	13:11
	for people who had capacity, but not a chance.	13:15
	As I think about General Howard	13:19
	and his relevance for communicating to us	13:21
	some of the messages that come across the readings for the	13:23
	left hand.	13:27
	I think of the fact that General Howard	13:29
	literally worked in that portion of the 19th century	13:32
	which he lived and died.	13:35
	He literally worked with the left hand.	13:39
	The Freedmen's Bureau was the OEO	13:40
	of his time and General Howard	13:44
	was the first and only man to head it up.	13:46
	An effort of America	13:50
	to make good on it's promise of democracy.	13:51
	Catching the frustrated and disorganized people	13:55
	that came out of the Civil War.	13:58
	Primarily Negroes but some white.	14:01
	Trying to structure the concern of the country for them.	14:04
	You should read his life	14:09
	and find out how many times he was investigated.	14:10
	And likewise how many times he was cleared.	14:13
	It seems like when you're working the area	14:15
	here where an accounting is not enough.	14:17
	We need people who are appreciative of the left hand.	14:21
	When you are working with bringing people's soul	14:26
	and mind and heart together.	14:28
	You need a room for imagination	14:31
	and so it was with General Howard	14:34
	and so it opened up all sorts of criticisms.	14:35
	I say that in order to point out	14:39
	to the unfinished business of education today,	14:41
	which alerts us again to the sensitivity's of the left hand	14:44
	and the right hand.	14:46
	You know the hearings that are currently being held on OEO?	14:49
	They're many things to be cleared up,	14:54
	but I can look into the urban areas	14:55
	and see program after program dying	14:58
	and the urban areas once again becoming tender boxes.	15:02
	Somehow even within the processes of our government	15:06
	the message for the left hand	15:11
	as Bruner formulates it for us in the university	15:13
	as it is made more profound by the insight that comes	15:16
	through the gospel of Matthew.	15:19
	Those of us who are privileged	15:22
	to work in the areas of mind and heart	15:24
	maybe to work in the government	15:28
	or to be sensitive once again to these.	15:29
	You take the Head Start program	15:32
	have you had the experience	15:34
	of watching young people open up?	15:36
	They have the capacity but they've never had the chance.	15:40
	This was the kind of left handed venture	15:43
	that our government began	15:46
	and channeled first through the Freedmen's Bureau,	15:48
	which died after only one leader.	15:50
	Will that be the same for OEO?	15:54
	Somehow we need an appreciation of the left hand.	15:57
	I wonder if the strict accounting is enough?	15:59
	Shouldn't we try to translate	16:03
	all these programs into such a form	16:04
	that God who has the vision to see in secret,	16:07
	will not necessarily reward us now	16:10
	but will reward us eventually.	16:13
	This seems to me to be another message	16:15
	for the left hand	16:17
	of those who work in imaginative	16:19
	programs in our government.	16:21
	Now think of the urban area for just a moment.	16:24
	Think of urban renewal.	16:28
	Was and has urban renewal been really a process	16:32
	of tearing down old houses	16:36
	or has it been a process of removing people	16:38
	who were bad for business.	16:41
	Now to be sure there are many programs	16:43
	that were conceived	16:45
	but men who work as I found in Chicago	16:47
	a few years ago	16:50
	and never confirmed it until I came back to Harvard	16:51
	to read a thesis that was done by a man	16:54
	who sat in the inner chambers.	16:56
	He admitted that he sat there.	16:58
	That many times the urban renewal program	17:00
	and some sections of that city	17:03
	were wonderful thing for business men	17:07
	because while they could say with straight faces	17:08
	we're trying to remove the blight.	17:11
	They were so happy it was clearing the undesirables out	17:14
	of the community.	17:17
	And so it was, but you see that's	17:18
	left-handed, right-handed information interlocked.	17:22
	And maybe the tender boxes	17:27
	in the urban communities today	17:29
	indicate that these men have had their reward.	17:33
	And their children are reaping the whirlwind.	17:37
	I will be very cautious here,	17:43
	I will not make a statement in this regard	17:44
	that everybody be careful	17:47
	there's going to be another Watts.	17:48
	We have to be careful that in saying this	17:49
	we don't hint things to persons	17:51
	who have no social responsibility.	17:53
	But I am suggesting that these urban problems remain	17:56
	and that this Word of God	18:00
	and this formulation for us	18:02
	and the university community to be sensitive	18:03
	to the imaginative dimension of our life	18:06
	is still a crying need in our time.	18:10
	General Howard and Sergeant Shriver	18:15
	Senator you may be, whatever it is	18:18
	the church must work through laymen	18:21
	who work in the world	18:23
	and hopefully they are sensitized	18:24
	to not let the left hand know what the right hand is doing.	18:27
	Let me share with you a personal experience of some	18:30
	surprises with respect to this.	18:33
	A few years ago in New England	18:35
	a judge confronted the church	18:37
	with this question	18:39
	you have been preaching redemption	18:41
	why don't you try to practice it	18:43
	for many of the boys and girls	18:45
	that really shouldn't be sent to the institution	18:47
	to become hardened criminals.	18:48
	And do something with them	18:51
	and practice this redemption on them.	18:52
	Well one church and denomination	18:53
	heard his point was the American Baptist,	18:55
	and they set out into the Mid West	18:57
	and got a member of their juvenile protection	18:59
	society and brought him out to New England.	19:01
	And took one of their newest camps	19:03
	and opened it for a month	19:05
	for a different kind of camping	19:07
	not to those who left the church	19:09
	that was alright and still needed	19:11
	but for those pre-delinquents, you know	19:13
	the ones had removed the bicycles, broken the glass	19:15
	nothing serious needing some kind of understanding	19:19
	and they selected from the area personnel	19:23
	especially picked to work was this new kind of camping	19:25
	and I was fortunate to be one.	19:29
	We were asked to go out two weeks before it opened	19:31
	but this seemed rather harsh	19:33
	I had worked for years as a theologian	19:34
	in the theological in Boston South end,	19:36
	one of the toughest districts in the world	19:40
	and I filed for that job	19:43
	I had some commitments	19:44
	and I wouldn't change them	19:45
	why should I go I knew the problem	19:46
	so I went about three days late	19:48
	and after I arrived, I was sorry	19:49
	for there they had assembled	19:51
	all of the available resources of the community	19:52
	from high school principals, social workers,	19:55
	pastors, et cetera.	19:57
	They were getting the best insight	19:59
	and the best condition into which to practice	20:03
	the redemption that we praised.	20:05
	One of the codes we adopted was never to hit a person	20:08
	no corporal punishment.	20:10
	I took it with a smile for I was reared in Texas	20:12
	with a grandmother who loved me	20:14
	but she did not spare the rod.	20:16
	I thought this wouldn't work with them, but we tried it.	20:17
	And I was surprised one day at my camp	20:19
	when the youngsters said to me	20:22
	as they said to many of the counselors,	20:24
	Why don't you hit us?	20:25
	Well I'd been preaching it, I hadn't thought about it	20:28
	Why don't you hit us?	20:30
	And then they said everybody else does.	20:31
	And I put that away in my mind surprised.	20:33
	I was thinking mostly about my experience,	20:36
	you see the right hand was beginning to come in	20:38
	I wasn't open for the experience.	20:40
	It went on through many surprises like that.	20:42
	We had another one.	20:45
	They were a hard core of young people	20:46
	who just didn't believe that these	20:48
	nice, sweet church people could really turn the other cheek	20:51
	so one boy we called Manny	20:57
	for whom I have testified ever sense,	21:00
	for this is my theme.	21:02
	Manny didn't believe it	21:04
	and he would pick up a rock	21:04
	and wait until only until,	21:06
	seven of the counselors were near bay,	21:09
	and then he would toss it at one of those lovely	21:10
	one hundred dollar plate glass windows.	21:13
	He broke one, he broke two	21:16
	after the second one we had a trustee from the	21:19
	Baptist convention, who had come along to try to	21:21
	play the game, but after the second one hundred dollar	21:24
	plate glass window he became concerned.	21:27
	So one day as we came out of the camp into the opening	21:30
	we found this director with Manny on his knee	21:33
	wailing the life out of him.	21:36
	Have you ever had the vicarious experience of	21:37
	having someone do what you wanted to do	21:40
	while at the same time blaming them for doing it?	21:43
	That was the experience some of us had	21:47
	for we felt that while we were being surprised	21:49
	by what we discovered with this principal	21:53
	we felt it couldn't be applied across the board.	21:56
	But we kept working with him	22:02
	and Manny was still the one who didn't believe it.	22:03
	He would wait until the director would announce	22:05
	that there would be announcements, pull your seats	22:07
	and only after he made that statement would he stand up	22:09
	and go out and carefully scientifically slam the door.	22:12
	Well, the director came to us one day	22:18
	and said we're going to have call a meeting on Manny.	22:20
	Well we all knew that was going to have to come	22:23
	and we said we're gonna have to show you,	22:24
	you just can't you know, be this way about it	22:25
	and I'll never forget that meeting it was	22:29
	called at 12 midnight, this was that kind of camp	22:30
	you had to hope they were asleep.	22:33
	And we walked into that meeting	22:36
	and nothing was said for about three minutes.	22:38
	Then the director asked this question,	22:41
	as we thought about Manny and others.	22:44
	What is Manny trying to tell us?	22:47
	Well you know I never thought about that.	22:51
	I thought about what I wanted to tell Manny.	22:53
	I never thought of it.	22:58
	And we decided to take him home for the benefit of the camp.	23:01
	And I was selected with another person	23:04
	to drive him in to Providence, Rhode Island.	23:05
	I'll never forget that morning surprise.	23:07
	We drove into the city, parked in front of his house	23:09
	at ten o'clock in the morning	23:12
	went up two flights of stairs, opened the door	23:13
	and there sat his mother with hair disheveled	23:16
	with four men around the table	23:19
	covered with all sorts of alcoholic beverages.	23:22
	The first and only sentence she said to him was	23:26
	What are you doing home?	23:29
	I thought you weren't due for two more weeks.	23:30
	That was what Manny was trying to tell us.	23:34
	Now I think we were justified in taking him home	23:40
	for the benefit of the camp, but somehow	23:42
	the call to liberation that comes out of Matthew,	23:45
	to think of imaginative ways, predictive ways	23:50
	second-mile-ways to help him, missed us.	23:54
	He spent about two times after that in the reform schools.	24:00
	Helpfully, hopefully, and wonderfully	24:03
	the beneficent Congregational Church of Providence	24:05
	taught him so that he could finish school	24:08
	and they put him the direction of a job.	24:10
	But the thing is that in the urban communities	24:13
	we need people motivated by their religious commitments.	24:17
	To be sensitive to the left hand	24:24
	respect the right hand of order and authority	24:27
	and discipline, yes there's a place for it.	24:30
	But always to be open for the imaginative things.	24:33
	In the area of human relations	24:38
	and we may save another man	24:41
	whose parents got their start	24:45
	from a man with one arm	24:48
	who was sensitive to the left.	24:50
	Well we've seen the message from the left hand	24:54
	generally to a minority, we've seen it	24:56
	as it has been articulated through the university.	24:59
	We has seen it as it has spoken	25:01
	and can speak specifically to the urban community	25:03
	Now find another considerate in it's alternate dimension.	25:06
	And Dietrich Bonhoeffer can interpret it for us here	25:10
	he says, differing with Jerome Bruner,	25:14
	no he's not interested	25:19
	in exploring the left hand to see it's effect upon knowing.	25:20
	In the sense that Bruner meant it, yes.	25:26
	But he says as we look at this passage from Matthew,	25:28
	Jesus is saying,	25:32
	man should not to attempt to be satisfied	25:35
	with simply distinguishing good from evil.	25:41
	So that he knows when he does well, that he does well.	25:44
	This is not separating the left hand from the right	25:49
	No Jesus is calling us to complete dependence upon Him	25:52
	so that we do not take too much time out	25:57
	to be judgemental and to be reflective	26:01
	and omit to the call to action.	26:04
	When this is done says he,	26:09
	then we're able to hear this later word that Matthew	26:12
	records for us.	26:16
	When Jesus gathers those around him	26:18
	as the shepherd gathers the sheep and goat.	26:22
	And said those of you on my right hand	26:25
	you fed me when I was hungry,	26:27
	you gave me water when I was thirsty,	26:29
	you visited me in prison.	26:31
	Come up and receive the rewards of my father.	26:33
	And they said when did we see thee thirsty	26:36
	and you see that's it the surprise.	26:40
	The message of the left hand	26:42
	when did we see thee imprisoned	26:43
	and those on the right hand	26:45
	who had trumpets and who did it to be seen of men	26:47
	were left out, I covered for you	26:51
	the message of the left hand.	26:55
	That causes you to move into life	26:59
	to await the judgment of God.	27:02
	Oh thou great companion of our souls	27:17
	do thou go with us today	27:20
	and comfort us by the sense of they presence.	27:21
	In the hours of spiritual isolation.	27:23
	Give us a single eye for duty	27:27
	give us by the voice within, abidance	27:29
	that we may take heed in all the judgements of thyself	27:33
	and gather patiently whatever truth they hold.	27:38
	And now unto Him that is able to keep you from falling	27:44
	and to prevent you faultless	27:47
	before the presence of his majesty with exceeding joy.	27:49
	To the all wise God our Father	27:52
	be majesty, dominion and power.	27:54
	Both now and forever more.	27:56
	♪Ahhhmen ♪	28:04
	♪ Ahhhhmen ♪	28:11
	♪ Ahhhhhhmen ♪	28:18

Item Info

Title:

Evans E. Crawford - "A Message for the Left Hand" (May 7, 1967)

Description:

We need to find creative ways of helping those who have been marginalized by society, ways that are both disciplined and concerned with order but that are sensitive to new possibilities. (Abstract created by Duke Divinity School staff.)
Sermon start time: (Part 1) 00:32. Sermon end time: (Part 1) 27:07.
Key quotation: “The church must work through laymen who work in the world, and hopefully they are sensitized to not let the left hand know what the right hand is doing.”

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4xw48b54

Date:

May 7, 1967

Speaker:

Crawford, Evans E.

Biblical Book:

Matthew

Chapter and Verse:

Matthew 6:1-4

Subject:

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 RR-0382
ref5967_a9s
uachapelsermaud
duke:321295
dcrau001789
ark:/87924/r4xw48b54
7c038fab-df61-4248-9c40-81059ddea8c0

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings

Related Resources:

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Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

Limited Re-Use

Educational Use Permitted

Rights Note:

This material is made available for educational and non-commercial use. This recording may contain 3rd party materials, such as music or readings that are therefore not covered by the license indicated here. Copyright in this material has not been transferred to Duke University. For other reuses of this material beyond those permitted by fair use or otherwise allowed under the Copyright Act, please see our page on copyright and citations https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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Evans E. Crawford - "A Message for the Left Hand" (May 7, 1967)

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Duke University Archives