Peter J. Gomes - "Life Before Death" (April 18, 1999)

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-	Let us pray.	0:22
	Oh God who has prepared for them that love thee	0:26
	such good things as pass our understanding.	0:31
	Pour into our hearts such love towards thee	0:35
	that we loving thee above all things	0:40
	may obtain thy promises which exceed all that we can desire	0:44
	through Jesus Christ our lord, amen.	0:51
	I take as my text the tenth verse	0:59
	of the tenth chapter of the Gospel according to Saint John.	1:02
	These most famous and abundant words of Jesus.	1:08
	I am come that they may have life	1:15
	and that they may have it more abundantly.	1:20
	Better translated it is	1:26
	I am come that you may have life	1:28
	and that you may have it more abundantly	1:33
	beginning right now.	1:37
	I'm very sensible of the unique circumstances	1:44
	in which I stand before you this morning	1:49
	on the third Sunday of Easter,	1:52
	and when I told my colleagues in Cambridge	1:56
	that I was going to preach in the Duke Chapel	1:59
	on the alumni Sunday when over 3,000 graduates	2:02
	of this university would be	2:08
	more or less in the vicinity of the chapel.	2:10
	(congregation laughs)	2:14
	They said to me it will be like Easter,	2:15
	and I said well every Sunday	2:19
	is like Easter in the Duke Chapel,	2:21
	and so it is.	2:24
	What a joy it is to stand among you,	2:26
	to see so many living examples	2:30
	that there is life after Duke.	2:34
	(congregation laughs)	2:37
	If there happen to be any undergraduates here,	2:41
	I urge you to look around.	2:44
	Look to your left, look to your right.	2:46
	Do not be frightened at what you see.	2:48
	(congregation laughs)	2:51
	That is you, and your future.	2:53
	(congregation laughs)	2:56
	There is life after Duke, and I stand before you	2:58
	as a Duke graduate myself.	3:03
	I wear the hood to prove it.	3:06
	I got mine however the easy way.	3:09
	It was given to me, whereas you doubtless paid	3:12
	a great deal for yours.	3:16
	(congregation laughs)	3:18
	It is wonderful to be able to affirm	3:21
	that there is life after Duke,	3:24
	but the real question, not just for Duke graduates,	3:29
	but for believers in Jesus Christ is this question.	3:33
	Is there life before death?	3:38
	That's the real question to which	3:43
	we must address our attention in this season of Eastertide.	3:46
	Often around this time of year,	3:52
	nonbelievers, secular friends will come up	3:55
	having some vague clue about Easter	3:58
	and say do you believe in life after death?	4:00
	Now that sounds like a good Orthodox Christian question	4:06
	upon which Shirley MacLaine and a host of other people	4:10
	doubtless have an opinion or even an experience or two,	4:14
	but that is not the real question.	4:20
	That is not the question of the Emmaus Road.	4:23
	That is not the question of the empty tomb,	4:27
	nor is it the question of this, the third Sunday of Easter.	4:30
	The real question that Jesus puts to us is this.	4:35
	Do you believe in life before death?	4:40
	Do you have any life in you now?	4:46
	Is there anything in you that would demonstrate	4:50
	to anybody else that not only does Christ live,	4:54
	but Christ lives in you?	5:00
	That I am convinced is the question	5:04
	and the challenge that the faithful must address,	5:08
	who seek an Easter faith and an Easter experience.	5:12
	Easter may seem to be about the future.	5:18
	It may seem to be about a place far away	5:21
	either long ago or yet to come,	5:24
	but if Easter cannot speak to you here and now,	5:27
	where and as you are, then there is	5:32
	less to Easter than meets the eye.	5:36
	Remember the famous epitaph	5:40
	found in a churchyard in Vermont in New England.	5:42
	It said of the woman quote	5:47
	"she lived with her husband for 63 years	5:49
	"and died in the hope of a better life."	5:53
	(congregation laughs)	5:57
	The question is not what happens after death?	6:03
	The question is what do you do before death?	6:08
	And it is a question I would presume to put	6:13
	to you alumni with as fine a point on it as I may make.	6:15
	What are you going to do not in the next life,	6:21
	but with what remains to you of this life?	6:26
	What are you going to do before death claims you?	6:31
	Now that's a question I know that it's easier to ask	6:37
	than to answer.	6:41
	That is why preachers specialize in rhetorical questions.	6:43
	We ask the questions, you sit and listen to the questions.	6:47
	There are no answers to the questions, so it appears to be.	6:51
	But I, if I may mention Harvard in this circumstance,	6:56
	the Duke of the north, as we all know	7:01
	on such a family occasion as this,	7:04
	I want to say a word about my understanding of alumnae.	7:08
	I have some experience in the likes of you.	7:13
	We have been generating alumnae without cease since 1642.	7:16
	The world is not that much better for it,	7:22
	but we keep on doing it anyway.	7:24
	(congregation laughs)	7:26
	And there is connected with our alumni life in Cambridge	7:28
	as it must be here, a series of volumes	7:33
	that is called the class report.	7:37
	The class report consists of a report	7:40
	by every member of the class written at five year intervals	7:43
	from the fifth reunion until there is no one left to write.	7:48
	And these class reports have been	7:54
	accumulating since the middle of the 19th Century,	7:56
	and they make extraordinary reading.	7:59
	It's a tale of in the first third of the life of a graduate,	8:03
	it's a tale of ambition and adventure.	8:09
	The fifth, the tenth, the fifteenth reunion.	8:14
	These are where the great goals are staked out.	8:18
	The great ambitions determined.	8:22
	The great conquests aspired,	8:25
	and you read in those five year reports	8:27
	in those first 15, 20 years of	8:29
	all the great adventures the young have been on.	8:32
	All of the giants you have slain.	8:35
	All of the mountains you intend to climb.	8:38
	And then those reports take a slightly different turn	8:43
	after the 25th reunion.	8:46
	That is where people start listing their accomplishments,	8:48
	their achievements, their distinctions,	8:53
	their grandchildren, their children,	8:56
	their spouses, their ex-spouses, their new spouses,	8:59
	their contemplated spouses.	9:03
	(congregation laughs)	9:05
	There's a certain amount of eager ego	9:07
	in that second third of the class report	9:10
	from the 25th reunion to the 40th reunion	9:13
	and you know who you are.	9:16
	I can almost pick you out seat by seat out there.	9:18
	(congregation laughs)	9:22
	But the third third of the class reports	9:23
	take on a slightly different tone.	9:26
	From the 45th reunion on there's a combination of serenity	9:29
	and a certain degree of regret.	9:36
	Serenity, which suggests that there are	9:40
	no more mountains to climb,	9:43
	not because mountains don't exist	9:45
	but because I'm too old and feeble to try to do so anymore.	9:47
	Serenity in the sense that I am what I am.	9:52
	I have become what I have become.	9:56
	It may not be what I had in mind,	9:58
	but there it is, take it or leave it.	10:01
	We must make the best of what we have,	10:04
	what little is left, and do what we can.	10:06
	A certain degree of serenity and resignation	10:10
	may be the satisfaction in realizing	10:14
	that there is no more blood in the stone	10:16
	for the alumni office after the 60th reunion.	10:19
	Not much left to be sent back to Cambridge or...	10:22
	And when I look at these ages of alumnihood, as it were	10:28
	and come to that sort of final third.	10:34
	I'm very much aware in the candor of these reports	10:37
	where people say if I had it to do over again,	10:41
	if I had a second choice,	10:46
	if I had another opportunity	10:49
	things might be different.	10:53
	I now would be able to benefit in the next life,	10:56
	or the second chance at this life	11:02
	from the experiences I have accumulated in the first life.	11:04
	And I can recognize that in the brain waves	11:09
	I am receiving from you in this congregation	11:13
	even as I speak.	11:15
	Things might be different.	11:18
	Oh I wish they could be.	11:20
	I was once asked to speak at the memorial service	11:24
	for the 75th reunion of the class of 1921.	11:28
	There weren't a great deal,	11:34
	wasn't a large number of them there,	11:36
	but those who were there were eager to be seen to be there.	11:39
	Lots of widows, lots of widowers,	11:43
	a sense of loss and limits.	11:46
	The days of bright and gilded youth now long past gone,	11:49
	and the class secretary said to me	11:55
	just before the service began,	11:57
	he said I hope you'll be cheerful.	11:59
	We haven't much time.	12:01
	(congregation laughs)	12:03
	I assumed that he was anxious to get to lunch,	12:07
	but he meant that he really didn't have much time	12:11
	and so I said to them what I thought	12:16
	was the most audacious, courageous	12:18
	and actually accurate thing I could say on such occasions.	12:22
	I said to them what I say to all of you now.	12:28
	In the spirit of Easter, and in the Gospel of Jesus Christ,	12:32
	your best years are ahead of you.	12:36
	The best is yet to come.	12:42
	No matter how close to the end you may think you are,	12:46
	no matter how much you may have done,	12:50
	or how little you may have done,	12:53
	or how little appears in front of you,	12:56
	your best years are ahead of you.	12:59
	Your best days, your best hours, your best moments	13:04
	are ahead of you.	13:08
	The essence of the Gospel is	13:10
	that the best is yet to come.	13:13
	This means by implication you cannot live in the past,	13:18
	no matter how comfortable or familiar	13:22
	or accomplished that past is.	13:26
	You cannot live there.	13:28
	It also means that the present is incredibly elusive.	13:30
	If you don't believe me, the present has just passed.	13:36
	As I speak, your present is vanishing before your very eyes.	13:41
	All we have is the future.	13:48
	All we have is the next moment,	13:52
	and the promise of the Christian Gospel is	13:55
	that the best is yet to be, because in that	13:59
	which is yet to be, our chances of meeting	14:03
	the living Christ along the	14:08
	highways and byways of life increase.	14:10
	Your Emmaus Road is in front of you, not behind you	14:16
	and that is the power of the Easter Gospel.	14:24
	Now I know that some of you	14:31
	are quick to reach the conclusion	14:32
	that I surely must be talking about heaven here.	14:35
	The place where the streets are paved with gold	14:38
	and angels float about on harps and play all day long.	14:41
	Well I'm not speaking about heaven.	14:46
	I don't know anything about heaven,	14:48
	and I don't trust people who tell me that they do.	14:52
	And I don't think there's anybody here	14:56
	who knows anything about heaven	14:59
	that they've not read in some badly written poem	15:01
	or some worsely written hymn.	15:04
	You know nothing about heaven, and I'm not talking	15:06
	about heaven at all.	15:09
	I say no more than the text says	15:12
	when Jesus says I am come that they may have life	15:17
	and that they have it more abundantly,	15:22
	and that they may have it more abundantly in the future	15:26
	than we have had it in the past.	15:29
	The radical news of the Gospel is not that heaven	15:33
	is the destination of the faithful.	15:37
	The radical news is that God wants us to flourish	15:41
	in our present lives.	15:45
	God wants us to flourish in our earthly existence,	15:48
	and to do so now and here and to do so more in the future	15:53
	than in the past.	16:00
	And that is perhaps the most important	16:02
	word alumnae need to hear.	16:05
	Your past, however pleasant here, was short	16:09
	and considerably less distinguished	16:14
	than you now imagine it to have been.	16:16
	It cannot be repeated.	16:20
	It cannot be recaptured, though many of you futilely	16:23
	and pleasantly tried to do so last night	16:27
	as I understand.	16:31
	(congregation laughs)	16:32
	What that reminded you was of an uncapturable elusive moment	16:34
	and none of you pretended or could possibly persuade	16:41
	anybody else that it was 1949 and not 1999.	16:45
	You cannot recapture that moment.	16:51
	Your present, well we know how elusive that is.	16:55
	When I talk to students at commencement in my university	17:01
	and I tell them over and over again	17:05
	that your best years are ahead of you, they don't believe me	17:08
	and I suspect if I tried that line here at Duke,	17:13
	they would respond in the same way.	17:17
	I know that because I have tried it here at Duke	17:20
	and they didn't believe me here either.	17:23
	But you are smarter than college seniors.	17:26
	Now you may not believe that because you can't	17:32
	program the VCR or you don't quite understand	17:34
	how to use your credit card to advantage,	17:37
	but you are truly smarter than college seniors	17:42
	because you do know that your best years	17:46
	were to be found outside	17:50
	of the college experience and beyond it.	17:51
	You embrace the future and you discovered	17:55
	that it was ready, in some sense, to receive you.	17:58
	When I hear people describe the college years	18:02
	as the best years of your life,	18:05
	you've heard that over and over again.	18:07
	They say college, those are the best four years of your life	18:08
	and I say if that is true, what a boring, tedious,	18:13
	and uninteresting life you must have led	18:16
	if those four prepubescent years were the best	18:19
	that it gotten in your fourscore years and 10.	18:24
	Of course not.	18:29
	It is not where you were, it is where you are going	18:32
	and what awaits you and confronts you and challenges you	18:37
	that should excite you and turn you on, and why?	18:41
	Because every one of us in embracing that promise	18:44
	of abundance in the future is given a claim	18:49
	for a second chance, and who is there	18:53
	in this chapel this morning so perfect, so satisfied,	18:56
	so accomplished who couldn't use a second chance?	19:00
	Who wouldn't like to try again?	19:05
	Who would not like to improve in the second edition	19:09
	upon the first edition?	19:13
	Now in the chapter of John's Gospel that immediately follows	19:19
	the point where my text comes from in John 10:10	19:22
	is the story of Lazarus,	19:26
	the raising of Lazarus from the dead.	19:29
	The great resurrection story before the resurrection story	19:31
	and you all know that story.	19:36
	Lazarus was a friend of Jesus.	19:39
	Jesus was a friend of Lazarus	19:42
	and his two sisters, Martha and Mary.	19:45
	You know all about that, and you know about that account	19:47
	because it contains the shortest verse in the Bible.	19:52
	Those of us who used to have to do Bible verse drills	19:56
	in church school remember the story of Lazarus	19:59
	because of the shortest verse, Jesus wept.	20:02
	And so he did.	20:07
	We know about Lazarus, and we know how Lazarus died	20:08
	and was dead and buried in the tomb for four days,	20:12
	and we know how Jesus came and raised him from the dead	20:17
	and said Lazarus, come forth.	20:21
	And we have that image of Lazarus	20:25
	staggering out of the tomb,	20:26
	his eyes blinking into the bright sunlight of his new life	20:29
	and his new day, his second chance.	20:33
	We think we know the moral of that story,	20:38
	and that story is if the doctor can't help, Jesus can.	20:41
	This is a resurrection story, and prepares us	20:47
	for Jesus and the stunning reversal of death.	20:50
	The theologians warn us however,	20:54
	that Lazarus unlike Jesus was to die again.	20:57
	So we must not think that he was spared death.	21:01
	He was just given a reprieve.	21:06
	That's an interesting point, as many theological points are.	21:08
	It's an accurate point, as many theological points are.	21:12
	And it is beside the point, as many theological points are.	21:16
	(congregation laughs)	21:20
	Why is it beside the point?	21:22
	Because the interesting question	21:24
	is the unasked question in that story of Lazarus.	21:26
	And I've always wondered this, for example	21:30
	what went through Lazarus's mind	21:33
	when he heard those words of Jesus	21:36
	came out of the tomb	21:39
	and was unwrapped from his burial shroud?	21:40
	What went through his mind as he was called back to life?	21:43
	Did he sing the hallelujah chorus do you suppose?	21:48
	Say thank God almighty I'm free at last?	21:51
	Or did he say oh my god, not this again.	21:54
	Life with my sisters!	21:58
	(congregation laughs)	22:00
	We don't know.	22:02
	The text is silent.	22:04
	Mercifully, the text is silent on the fact,	22:05
	but the text is pregnant with the unasked question	22:09
	what now would Lazarus do with the second chance,	22:13
	the new life, the new opportunity given to him	22:19
	perhaps this time to get it right.	22:24
	Well you may not find Lazarus all that persuasive,	22:28
	being the secular unbiblical crowd that most of you are,	22:34
	except when you come back to chapel on alumni day.	22:38
	So I can invoke another figure that makes much more sense.	22:42
	I invoke a much more pregnant example than Lazarus.	22:47
	I invoke of all people, Ebenezer Scrooge.	22:51
	Now, Ebenezer Scrooge is wasted on Christmas.	22:55
	He is lost amidst all the claptrap	23:00
	and the sentimentality and the bad TV shows of Christmas,	23:04
	and besides, Ebenezer Scrooge is not about Christmas at all.	23:09
	It is an Easter story about a man	23:15
	who is given a second chance	23:19
	to live his life before death.	23:22
	When you watch A Christmas Carol next year,	23:26
	or read it to your children or grandchildren,	23:29
	remember Christmas may be the occasion	23:32
	but Easter is the story.	23:37
	Scrooge experiences the opportunity to live before he dies.	23:40
	Now were you to be given a second bite	23:49
	of the cookie, as it were.	23:53
	If you were to be given right now a second chance,	23:55
	a second time around at the ring,	23:59
	a second opportunity of making something of the life	24:02
	that is now before you,	24:06
	what literally on Earth would you do?	24:08
	Have you considered the fact	24:12
	that God created you for more than golf?	24:13
	Have you considered the fact that there is more	24:18
	to making a life than making a living?	24:22
	Have you considered the fact that maybe	24:26
	you have wasted and squandered opportunities	24:28
	but God may give you a chance to embrace	24:31
	an abundant life which breaks you away	24:34
	from your old and familiar and tedious habits.	24:38
	Is there going to be life for you	24:43
	before you die?	24:47
	That is a thought that you should think about	24:50
	at least through lunch today.	24:53
	And maybe a way of helping you think about that	24:56
	is the wonderful phrase of that Easter theologian Mae West.	24:59
	Remember, it was she who said	25:04
	"it is not the men in my life, but the life in my men."	25:07
	(congregation laughs)	25:13
	Something for you to think about, men and women.	25:16
	Mae West got it.	25:21
	She got what Jesus is talking about here	25:23
	when he says he wants you to have	25:25
	fullness of joy in your life.	25:28
	He wants abundance in your life.	25:30
	He wants you to live before you die	25:33
	in the fullness of the new and resurrected life.	25:36
	By this he does not mean more of this world's goods.	25:41
	He doesn't mean by this more material security.	25:44
	He doesn't mean by this more life	25:49
	in an ever bullish economy.	25:52
	He doesn't mean that at all.	25:54
	He wants you to know the richness, the fullness,	25:56
	the imagination, the power of living	26:00
	that so far has escaped you,	26:02
	that so far has avoided you,	26:05
	that so far has evaded you,	26:07
	he wants you to have that fullness of joy	26:09
	so that you can prosper and purpose in God's design for you.	26:13
	What he wants for you and for me	26:21
	is that piece which passeth understanding.	26:25
	That piece which this world cannot give.	26:29
	That piece which this world cannot take away.	26:32
	That piece which is so extraordinary that this world	26:35
	simply cannot understand it.	26:38
	The piece that passeth all understanding.	26:40
	That is the abundant life to which the risen lord	26:46
	invites you as you walk with him along the Emmaus Road.	26:50
	And you know what that piece is for it is that	26:57
	which will fill the void that	27:02
	inhabits the center of your being.	27:04
	It is that piece which gives meaning to meaninglessness.	27:07
	It is that piece which gives joy to drudgery.	27:11
	It is that piece which redeems	27:16
	the routine, the habit, the ordinary,	27:19
	the familiar, and the tired.	27:23
	It is yours for the living,	27:27
	and you do not have to die to experience	27:31
	this new and risen life.	27:35
	This life here and now that is	27:39
	the Easter Gospel available for you.	27:42
	That is why Easter is about you,	27:46
	and not about Jesus.	27:50
	That is why Easter is about life,	27:52
	and not about death.	27:55
	That is why Easter is about now,	27:57
	and not about the future.	28:01
	So wake up, my beloved and tired	28:08
	and slightly weary world people.	28:12
	Just wake up!	28:15
	You may have slept through the first third	28:17
	or even the second third of your lives	28:21
	just as you nodded through the first third	28:24
	or the second third of this sermon, wake up!	28:26
	You have a chance to step out into the sunlight	28:30
	and reclaim the life that God	28:34
	meant for you to have in the first time.	28:36
	That is what it means to rise up from the tomb	28:39
	and go out into the world.	28:45
	God desires that our life before our death	28:49
	abound and flourish in good things	28:52
	so much so, so pressed down and overflowing	28:55
	that we cannot help but share that abundance with others.	29:00
	We cannot keep it to ourselves.	29:06
	That is why they call it the good news.	29:09
	And it is the promise of that abundant good news	29:13
	that is yours for the asking	29:18
	and for the living in the risen Christ.	29:21
	You therefore have the rest of your life,	29:25
	less now than when we began, but still enough.	29:29
	You have the rest of your life	29:35
	to test that hypothesis of abundance	29:37
	by claiming it as your own.	29:41
	By claiming the life for which Christ Jesus came	29:44
	and gave up his own life as a ransom for us all.	29:48
	I am come that you may have life	29:55
	and that we may have it abundantly.	30:00
	This then is your new life.	30:06
	Use it, or lose it.	30:12
	Let us pray.	30:20
	Oh God who has prepared for us such good things	30:26
	as pass our understanding,	30:29
	pour into our hearts such love towards thee	30:32
	that we, loving thee above all things,	30:36
	may obtain thy promises which exceed all that we can desire	30:39
	through Jesus Christ our lord, amen.	30:47
-	The lord is with you.	31:01
-	And also with you.	31:03
-	Let us pray.	31:04
	Loving God we gather this day in this chapel so dear to us.	31:11
	We've never come here that we did not have a sense	31:17
	that you in this beloved place have come to us.	31:22
	Therefore, having heard your word	31:29
	preached faithfully and lively,	31:32
	having sung your praise we are now ready to lay ourselves	31:35
	and our need before your throne of grace.	31:39
	We cannot gather in this chapel	31:45
	without calling to mind that great cloud of witnesses,	31:47
	those dear saints who through the years	31:50
	blessed our lives at Duke, and in the world.	31:53
	James Cullen, Sterling Wilder, and Ben Smith,	31:58
	and Terry Sanford, and all the rest	32:01
	who taught us, loved us, guided us.	32:06
	Our lives are the sum of the gifts of others.	32:10
	Grace that makes all our lives in their debt.	32:14
	Thanks for the saints.	32:22
	We cannot gather in this chapel on so beautiful a day	32:25
	in so peaceful a place without remembering all those	32:28
	for whom this day is hard, ugly, and cruel	32:32
	because they suffer in the midst of civil strife and war.	32:37
	We pray for those in Kosovo and Yugoslavia	32:43
	and Albania and Rwanda	32:46
	and wherever there is war and cruelty.	32:48
	Particularly we pray for the children.	32:52
	We cannot gather in this place	32:58
	without calling to mind those who suffer	32:59
	due to sickness of body or mind,	33:02
	particularly those in Duke hospitals.	33:04
	Lord, you know what it is like to suffer.	33:08
	You know what it is like to grieve	33:13
	at the death of a friend.	33:15
	Therefore we pray for your healing and care,	33:18
	for all those who are ill	33:21
	and for those who care for those who are ill.	33:23
	Lord of life, be with people in pain.	33:27
	We gather today as any Sunday full of need	33:34
	that is inarticulate, too deep for words, secret,	33:37
	known only to you and to us.	33:41
	We now pray for those needs that people	33:44
	have brought to the service today.	33:47
	Make us bold to lay our need before you,	33:51
	and make us confident that you care	33:54
	and that you move toward us in love.	33:57
	For all this we pray, confident	34:02
	that you came to give us life	34:06
	and that abundantly amen.	34:09
	Now let us stand and exchange signs of God's love and peace.	34:15

Item Info

Title:

Peter J. Gomes - "Life Before Death" (April 18, 1999)

Description:

Sermon start time: (Part 1) 0:58. Sermon end time: (Part 1) 30:26.
On the third sunday of Easter which also happens to be Alumni Sunday, the preacher who is the dean of Harvard Memorial Chapel exhorts the listeners that the radical news of the gospel is not life after death but life before death, that God wants us to flourish and live abundantly now. (Abstract created by Duke Divinity School staff.)

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r41r6nf6t

Date:

April 18, 1999

Speaker:

Gomes, Peter J.

Liturgical Calendar:

Easter

Biblical Book:

John

Chapter and Verse:

John 10:1-10

Subject:

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 CS-0955
ref10067_niq
uachapelsermaud
duke:321070
dcrau001599
ark:/87924/r41r6nf6t
24f9572f-8ef3-4960-b7b5-2080860f6725

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings, 1954-2005

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

No Re-Use

In Copyright

Rights Note:

This material is made available for research, scholarship, and private study. Copyright in this material has not been transferred to Duke University. For reuses of this material beyond those permitted by fair use or otherwise allowed under the Copyright Act, please see our page on copyright and citations: https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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Peter J. Gomes - "Life Before Death" (April 18, 1999)

Transcript

Item Info

Duke University Archives

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