Doris Parrish interview recording, 1995 July 31

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Mary Hebert	Let's start by having you state your full name and tell me [indistinct 00:00:09]	0:00
Doris Parrish	Okay. Okay. My name is Doris Marie Thorners is my maiden name. My name is Parrish Now.	0:09
Mary Hebert	And you were born in Norfolk?	0:17
Doris Parrish	In North Carolina.	0:17
Mary Hebert	Where in North Carolina?	0:18
Doris Parrish	Little place called Creswell, C-R-E-S-W-E-L-L.	0:22
Mary Hebert	And when did your family move here?	0:26
Doris Parrish	My mother moved here, I guess, I really don't remember. My brother and I were very young, under three.	0:29
Mary Hebert	What did your parents do for a living? What did she do for a living?	0:43
Doris Parrish	My mother did domestic work.	0:45
Mary Hebert	In—	0:46
Doris Parrish	In Norfolk.	0:47
Mary Hebert	Who did she work for?	0:47
Doris Parrish	Oh, let me see now. One family she worked for was DP Pender, P-E-N-D-E-R. I think they were grocery people. Another family she worked for a very long time was the Oscar Smith fertilized man. That was her last job. No, but that was her last domestic job.	0:55
Mary Hebert	Where did y'all live here in Norfolk?	1:19
Doris Parrish	Okay. I grew up on Marshall Avenue, 941. I'm sorry, 943. It's right near the college—	1:21
Mary Hebert	Near Norfolk State?	1:30
Doris Parrish	Near Norfolk State. That's where I grew up.	1:31
Mary Hebert	What was your neighborhood like?	1:35
Doris Parrish	At that time it was upper middle class neighborhood.	1:37
Mary Hebert	Did your mother ever tell you why she decided to come to Norfolk?	1:47
Doris Parrish	Yes, she was having problems with my father.	1:54
Mary Hebert	So she came here for employment to get away. Did y'all come immediately with her?	1:58
Doris Parrish	Yeah, she brought us with her.	2:05
Mary Hebert	And did she rent an apartment when y'all moved over here?	2:07
Doris Parrish	No, she lived with a family member. I don't remember the person's name. She eventually got an apartment but.	2:10
Mary Hebert	Do you remember anything at all about living in North Carolina?	2:26
Doris Parrish	No.	2:31
Mary Hebert	Do you remember your parents—	2:32
Doris Parrish	No. Yeah, I remember my grandparents because we visited them. The only thing I remember about my early childhood was my father's funeral.	2:33
Mary Hebert	And that was in North Carolina? What was it like? Could you describe it?	2:45
Doris Parrish	Yeah, I remember a lot of trees. It was country, of course, a lot of trees. And I remember when my mother had her left hand was holding my brother, her right hand because I was on her right side, was holding my hand and we were standing at the grave. And I remember one thing is very vivid in my mind. My father had some brothers and sisters. And I heard one of my father's brothers say, "Well these are Clyde's little children .they will never want for anything." And I never saw them again after that. So that was very vivid in my mind. I don't know his people.	2:52
Mary Hebert	So you never saw any—	3:40
Doris Parrish	No.	3:40
Mary Hebert	Did you ever go to work with your mother? Did you see the houses the people lived in?	3:46
Doris Parrish	Yeah, big pretty houses.	3:51
Mary Hebert	Did y'all have to go through the back door? Would they give your mother castoffs, hand-me-downs, food?	3:54
Doris Parrish	I don't remember the Pender's, but the Smith's that my mother worked for were very good to my mother. And they were always good to my brother and myself too. There was nothing really to hand down because they had one girl and she was grown. She was in William and Mary when I was a little tight there. She used to give us books and stuff like that. But as far as food was concerned, my mother did bring food home because she was the cook. Right. So what was left over and they didn't want, she would bring it to us.	4:05
Mary Hebert	Who took care of y'all while she was at work?	4:43
Doris Parrish	Well, I had a grandmother, and then a lot of the times my brother and I cared for ourselves. But things weren't like they are now. When you were told to stay home and do things, you did that.	4:46
Mary Hebert	So she would leave early in the morning, come back in the evening?	5:01
Doris Parrish	At night.	5:05
Mary Hebert	After dinner. She'd stay for dinner.	5:06
Doris Parrish	And that was holidays too. One of the things I always say now, I'm very conscious of trying to see that my mom goes to church on Sundays because she left to go to church. And when we were growing up, she never had an opportunity to go because she worked holidays, Christmas, Sundays, every day. Only on Sundays and holidays she would get off after the main meal. And Thursday she was off in the afternoon.	5:10
Mary Hebert	So she never had a full day off?	5:40
Doris Parrish	No.	5:42
Mary Hebert	When did she find time to shop for you all and then—	5:49
Doris Parrish	Okay, on Thursday afternoons, that was recreation, I guess you would call it, or time with us. She would take us shopping and whoever needed got. It wasn't one of these things where I have to buy each one something. And I remember vividly that my brother needed more than I because he used to tear up his clothes more. But we weren't raised that if you get, I get. Whoever needed got.	5:52
Mary Hebert	And y'all were comfortable economically?	6:20
Doris Parrish	Well, my mother remarried and I had a stepfather that took care of the mortgage, so she was able to take care of us on $9 a week.	6:23
Mary Hebert	That's what she earned? And she worked seven days a week practically, six and a half days or so. Where did you go to school?	6:35
Doris Parrish	I went to Bucker T. Washington High, which is a new facility now. That time it was an old building. That's where I went to high school. And when I went away to college, I went to Morgan State. It's Morgan University now in Baltimore. And from there I went to Bluefield State, which is Bluefield University now Bluefield, West Virginia. Then I went to NYU Columbia in New York.	6:50
Mary Hebert	And what did you major in?	7:16
Doris Parrish	My BS was in health and physical education. I have a master's in guidance and counseling, another master's in administration and supervision. And I have think about 20 hours on a PhD.	7:19
Mary Hebert	Oh, that's wonderful. Where have you worked? Have you worked in schools here in the Norfolk area?	7:38
Doris Parrish	No, I worked 35 years in New York, in New York system.	7:42
Mary Hebert	When did you come back here?	7:47
Doris Parrish	Four years ago.	7:48
Mary Hebert	How was New York different than living in the South? How was living up there different?	7:52
Doris Parrish	Well, I guess when I was in school, in terms of working with children, I guess children had more respect though for authority and they were more controlled than they are now. Any place really.	8:01
Mary Hebert	Was there any teacher that inspired you while you were coming up from elementary on up? Which one?	8:21
Doris Parrish	Her name is Katherine Bibbens. She was my all-time favorite teacher.	8:28
Mary Hebert	What grade did she teach you?	8:34
Doris Parrish	Eighth.	8:35
Mary Hebert	And what subjects?	8:37
Doris Parrish	English.	8:38
Mary Hebert	Why was she so special?	8:42
Doris Parrish	I don't know. I've been asked that before. I don't know what it was about her. She was and still is my, she was my all time favorite.	8:44
Mary Hebert	So she's still alive and you still keep in touch with—	8:57
Doris Parrish	Yeah, still alive. I still keep in touch with her.	8:59
Mary Hebert	What elementary school did you go to?	9:02
Doris Parrish	John T. West. It's on Bolton Street. It's destroyed now. It's torn down there.	9:05
Mary Hebert	And what were conditions like there? What were the desks like or the books? Were they used books?	9:13
Doris Parrish	If I can remember, they had regular two— Was that in Catholic school? Because I went to Catholic school first. I don't remember whether it was singular. I think it was singular desk. And I don't remember about the books. I really don't remember.	9:19
Mary Hebert	That's fine. Some people just recall them being used books and being torn. And I was just wondering—	9:42
Doris Parrish	I don't remember.	9:46
Mary Hebert	Would you have to walk to school?	9:49
Doris Parrish	Sometimes. And sometimes there were three or four families, maybe more than that in the neighborhood who had children my age. And I remember one man had a truck and he had two children who went to the same school, Helen and Bruce. And he would pick up about six or seven of us and take us to school. And sometimes my stepfather would pick up a group of us and take us to school. If not, we walked.	9:52
Mary Hebert	So your stepfather had a car? What did he do for a living?	10:22
Doris Parrish	He worked for a RF Trent, refrigeration company, a Frigidaire company. A Frigidaire company.	10:24
Mary Hebert	How far a walk was it?	10:44
Doris Parrish	Let me see. It was about, I would say what, a couple of miles.	10:44
Mary Hebert	And which junior high did you attend?	10:49
Doris Parrish	Well, Booker T. Was the same, you know?	10:51
Mary Hebert	That's right. It was divided into high school and junior.	10:55
Doris Parrish	Yeah.	10:58
Mary Hebert	Did you take part in any clubs or activities while you were in high school?	11:00
Doris Parrish	I was in debating club, the Cora Club. What else? I don't remember anything else.	11:04
Mary Hebert	Did they have a cafeteria at Booker T. Washington? Or would you go out and buy your food in the surrounding neighborhood?	11:27
Doris Parrish	How did we eat? I think I went home because I lived a block and a half from school. You don't remember?	11:33
Mary Hebert	That's fine. So you walked to school when you went to high school? You were—	11:48
Doris Parrish	Oh yeah, it was right around the corner.	11:51
Mary Hebert	Were there any school dances and things like that that you attended?	11:55
Doris Parrish	Yeah, they had school dances.	11:59
Mary Hebert	Was like prom or homecoming or, it was just like a fall and spring dance?	12:01
Doris Parrish	We had, I guess it was like intern dance parties and whatnot.	12:07
Mary Hebert	Were you allowed to date all year in high school? No? What did you do for fun?	12:18
Doris Parrish	Very little. I played with the fellows because my brother was 18 months younger than I, so we were always together. So whoever he played with, I played with. I used to belong to the Y, YWCA when I could go.	12:29
Mary Hebert	Was it segregated at that point?	12:46
Doris Parrish	Everything was segregated. School, cafeteria, restaurants, public transportation, the beaches, I guess just about everything.	12:52
Mary Hebert	Would y'all ever go to the beach? Which beach would you go to? Sea—	13:10
Doris Parrish	Seaview, I think it was. Yeah.	13:16
Mary Hebert	Would you go as a church group or—	13:20
Doris Parrish	High school, with my mother. And we did have picnics from Sunday school on Sundays. Not Sundays, but in the summer. Once in the summer we used to go.	13:22
Mary Hebert	What was the Y like? It was sports mostly?	13:39
Doris Parrish	Right, activities. Organized activities.	13:40
Mary Hebert	I'm getting back to the beach. Your Sunday school group would go to the beach. How would you dress? Would you wear shorts and things like they wear now?	13:44
Doris Parrish	I never wore shorts. I always wore jeans like my brother. But I think, and I'm not really sure whether the girls wore shorts or not. If they did, they weren't short shorts.	13:58
Mary Hebert	You said you played a lot with your brother, so you played a lot with the boys in your neighborhood than with the girls? What kinds of games would y'all play?	14:15
Doris Parrish	We used to play with an ice pick, something called Mumbling Pig or something. Throw an ice pick. And we used to play, not baseball, but it was called stick ball. And we would play something like touch football and we would climb trees and make tree houses and make those things with the skates that you put on. What do you call them? Scooters? What do you call those things? Skateboards.	14:24
Mary Hebert	So y'all would make your own—	14:55
Doris Parrish	Yeah, we made our own.	14:56
Mary Hebert	Were you involved in sports in high school? Were there athletics for girls?	15:00
Doris Parrish	We did not have a gym and we only had a gym teacher to come around, I think it was once a week. So we had no organized activities like they do now. But I did participate in activities.	15:06
Mary Hebert	So what led you to want to be a phys ed teacher?	15:26
Doris Parrish	I think when I was in elementary school, I was very impressed with the teacher that used to come and teach us activities, such as it was. Because she only came to, I don't know how often she came to the school, but we only saw her once a week. And in the spring, my last year there I think was sixth grade year. We had, what was it now? It was organized relays, and I was the winner of all the girls in the school. Then I ran against the boy and I beat him. His was name was Melvin Lampert, is, he's still alive. So I always liked activities and I liked this teacher. So when I was ready to go to school, I said, "I wanted to be a gym teacher."	15:30
Mary Hebert	Did your mother encourage you to go to college?	16:29
Doris Parrish	She did.	16:32
Mary Hebert	How does your education compare to hers? Was—	16:35
Doris Parrish	She finished about the third, or fourth grade?	16:38
Mary Hebert	Did your brother also go to college?	16:43
Doris Parrish	No, he went to the Marine Corps after high school.	16:45
Mary Hebert	I hear a lot of mothers warn their daughters against, or to stay away from the Navy men Norfolk. Did your mother issue that warning to you?	16:57
Doris Parrish	About—	17:04
Mary Hebert	To stay away from the Navy men?	17:04
Doris Parrish	No.	17:06
Mary Hebert	No?	17:06
Doris Parrish	No. I just didn't know any.	17:07
Mary Hebert	Did you spend any time on Church Street at all? Would you go shopping om Church Street?	17:11
Doris Parrish	We used to shop at a place called, I think it was Snyder's or Alshaws, near Main Street, up in that area, yeah.	17:15
Mary Hebert	In Snyder's, you said? Would y'all go to the Booker T. Theater or—	17:25
Doris Parrish	Yeah, we did.	17:31
Mary Hebert	What about the Booker T. Pharmacy? Did you ever go there?	17:31
Doris Parrish	That was on—	17:36
Mary Hebert	Church?	17:37
Doris Parrish	I'm sure it was them. Yeah. Yeah. If they sold sodas, I went.	17:37
Mary Hebert	Was that something that teenagers would do during that time? Go and get sodas at the—	17:45
Doris Parrish	Oh yeah, when we had the money.	17:50
Mary Hebert	Did you have to work while you were in high school?	17:54
Doris Parrish	I didn't, but I did.	17:57
Mary Hebert	What did you do?	18:00
Doris Parrish	Okay, name it, I did it. Okay. One thing I did was I used to, there were about three people that I used to pay bills for. And I remember they would give me 5 cents to use transportation to go and 5 cents to come back. I would walk and I would save the money. So I made a few pennies— shut up, Ebony. I also, when I was older, I was still in high school. I think I was still in high school. I used to wash windows. I was window washer with this man that had the contract with the Navy. And that was in Portsmouth. And I had a bicycle and my girlfriend had a bicycle. And when I asked him about a job, he said he didn't employ females, only males. So that afternoon he thought about it and came up to my house and talked to my folks about it.	18:02
Doris Parrish	And he said, well, maybe he could use us if he could use us washing windows on the inside, that the fellows washed on the outside. But we had to go to Portsmouth. That was across the water. And at that time there was no bridge, there was a ferry and it was 5 cents to go across the ferry. So what we used to do, my girlfriend Margaret and I did, we would pack our lunch in the morning, we'd get on our bicycles, we'd ride down to the ferry, pay our nickel, ride the ferry to Portsmouth, and then take our bicycles and ride to the Navy complex. And that's where we come. So we spent 10 cents a day for travel and we made our luncheon.	19:13
Doris Parrish	That's the way I worked a couple of summers. And then one summer this lady asked me, I don't know how I met this lady. She wanted to know if I could cook. And I told her yes. And she said the only thing I'd have to do would be prepared one meal that was their dinner. Her husband worked in a post office. Or she worked in a post. I'm not sure. But they both worked. And then when I got there, she asked me if I could iron shirts. And I told her yes, but I never ironed a shirt. But anyway, I kept a job all summer.	19:54
Mary Hebert	So you learned how to iron shirts without burning them. Did you learn to cook because your mother was working during the—	20:33
Doris Parrish	No, I just learned because I wanted a job. And I used to work at the beach too.	20:42
Mary Hebert	What did you do at the beach?	20:48
Doris Parrish	Wait tables. I was the only female in this restaurant. It was called, it's still there, but it has been renovated now. Can't think of it. But I worked, that's mainly the way I subsidized my income to go to college, work in the beach in the summer. Whenever I would come home, I could always go there and work.	20:49
Mary Hebert	You said you were the only woman working there—	21:14
Doris Parrish	In the dining room.	21:16
Mary Hebert	What was that like? How were you treated by the customers?	21:20
Doris Parrish	All right.	21:21
Mary Hebert	And the fellow employees?	21:24
Doris Parrish	Oh, the fellows were good. They helped me. They really taught me the things I needed to know about waiting. Because I had never worked in a big hotel. I had worked downtown on I think College Avenue, College Street, one of those little streets in a little restaurant called Ragged Robin. But that was nothing like compared to the beach.	21:25
Mary Hebert	This was at a White resort or?	21:46
Doris Parrish	All White.	21:48
Mary Hebert	Were all the waiters Black?	21:50
Doris Parrish	Yeah, they came from Union University.	21:52
Mary Hebert	And this was only in the summer?	21:57
Doris Parrish	Only in the summer.	21:58
Mary Hebert	Is it like now? Did you work for tips plus a salary?	21:59
Doris Parrish	Oh yeah. $5 a week for salary. 4.95. 5 cents social security was taken out.	22:05
Mary Hebert	So the tips were really what subsidized you?	22:15
Doris Parrish	Yeah.	22:16
Mary Hebert	So you worked to help pay, put yourself through school. Was going to school a financial hardship for your family going to college—	22:20
Doris Parrish	I did it myself, and I worked on a campus too.	22:30
Mary Hebert	What kind of work did you do on the campus?	22:35
Doris Parrish	I guess you called it soda fountain or lunch counter or whatever.	22:37
Mary Hebert	Did you have scholarships or anything like that?	22:43
Doris Parrish	No, I never had one. I didn't know about them. I don't think they had them at that time. I don't think. I never had one.	22:44
Mary Hebert	While you were growing up here in Norfolk, were there any neighborhoods that your mother told your or your parents told you not to go into because they were considered bad neighborhoods?	22:56
Doris Parrish	I don't remember.	23:06
Mary Hebert	Did your neighborhood have a name? Doesn't it?	23:08
Doris Parrish	Brambleton.	23:11
Mary Hebert	Brambleton? Were there any important people, or who were considered the leaders in your community, in the Brambleton community?	23:11
Doris Parrish	Okay. Diagonally across the street there was James Newby, who was Assistant Principal, who later became Principal. Three doors from me, there was a dentist, Dr. Coleman. Across the street from him was another doctor, Dr. Fentris. And there were a couple of teachers, I don't know their names. And just across the street from me, this young lady who taught at Norfolk State, and next door to her was a postal worker. And next door to me, 945 was a poster worker. And next door to him was a poster worker. And those jobs were considered pretty good jobs at that time. And let me see, so that was the kind of neighborhood we lived in.	23:28
Mary Hebert	Was your mother working as a domestic considered a good job, or how did it rank on—	24:18
Doris Parrish	Well, it wasn't considered a good, with $9 a week compared to whatever they were making, but we made it.	24:24
Mary Hebert	Did your parents, your mother and stepfather have any more children or was just the two of you? What church did your family attend?	24:37
Doris Parrish	Grace Episcopal.	24:47
Mary Hebert	Did they have revivals in the summertime? No. Was your church minister active in civic affairs?	24:53
Doris Parrish	Yes.	25:05
Mary Hebert	The civic associations, things like that? Did your family belong to the NAACP?	25:05
Doris Parrish	I'm not really sure. I don't think so, but I do.	25:15
Mary Hebert	Did you join in college or did you join—	25:23
Doris Parrish	No, I joined after.	25:24
Mary Hebert	As you became an adult. Where did you live when you went to college? Did you stay in a dorm or did you—	25:26
Doris Parrish	Yeah, I lived in the dorm.	25:43
Mary Hebert	At Morgan's State? Why did you choose to go there?	25:45
Doris Parrish	Well, one reason, I had an aunt who lived close by. And I had thought maybe I could live with her and commute, but that didn't work out, so I moved on campus.	25:53
Mary Hebert	Were you involved in any activities on campus?	26:14
Doris Parrish	Well, I had to be because I was a physical education major, so I was involved with team sports.	26:18
Mary Hebert	You played?	26:31
Doris Parrish	I played. Had to play.	26:32
Mary Hebert	What did you play?	26:33
Doris Parrish	Softball, basketball, soccer.	26:34
Mary Hebert	Were there a lot of other women majoring in phys ed, in physical education?	26:40
Doris Parrish	Not at that time. And then quite a few dropped out because it was, I understand that it was of the opinion that physical education was an easy major. But when the gals got there and found out that it was like a pre—med program where they had all this heavy science, they dropped out.	26:46
Mary Hebert	So you had to take anatomy and—	27:13
Doris Parrish	Oh yeah.	27:16
Mary Hebert	— those kinds of things?	27:16
Doris Parrish	And parasitology and botany, everything. I took the whole thing.	27:16
Mary Hebert	How did Booker T. Washington High prepare you for college?	27:24
Doris Parrish	I think I was prepared.	27:29
Mary Hebert	No remedial courses—	27:32
Doris Parrish	No. But in fact, I never heard of that until I worked in New York. I never heard of anything in remediation in a college.	27:33
Mary Hebert	That must be a new invention.	27:43
Doris Parrish	It was. It was. I'll tell you something. The experience I had when I was, I think I was still teaching because I was a guidance counselor in the same school that I taught in. One morning, I went to work and the parents were, I guess, what do you call it? Marching around saying that the children couldn't read. And I said to myself, "We're not supposed to teach reading in junior high school, you teach reading in elementary school and you build on skills in junior high school. You build on the skills. We don't teach reading in a junior high school. What are these people talking about?" But children couldn't read.	27:48
Mary Hebert	They're missing something in the elementary school.	28:30
Doris Parrish	I don't know. I guess so. But I remember this same person that I spoke about. Mrs. Bibbens told us once, and when we were in eighth grade then. She said, "You have learned all of the fundamentals of English that you will ever learn or ever need. You'll be building on what you have learned."	28:31
Mary Hebert	And that's what your education's been like.	28:55
Doris Parrish	Yeah.	28:58
Mary Hebert	You built on what you learned. Did you continue to like English a lot after that point?	28:58
Doris Parrish	I never had a problem with academics. Not a big problem. I thought I would've had a problem with chemistry. But when I got to Morgan, I had Dr. Spalding, who made chemistry very elementary, broke it down. At least I understood it very well.	29:06
Mary Hebert	That's a good chemistry teacher because that's usually impossible because—	29:28
Doris Parrish	He was. He was. Everybody said he was very good.	29:31
Mary Hebert	Did Morgan specialize in teacher training or was it a typical college with different types of majors?	29:36
Doris Parrish	Well, I didn't finish there, so I really don't know. But where I finished, where I got my degree, they did. Because the last semester that I was in school, I could not work. We were told by the supervisor that we had to do practice teaching and we had to do community work, the whole gamut that came with it. Go to Sunday school, go to visit the churches, participate in the scouting and whatever happens in the evenings and whatever be available.	29:44
Mary Hebert	So at that point, teachers were a part of the community were you considered a role model?	30:18
Doris Parrish	I guess so, I'm sure. But that was part of the training, basic training.	30:24
Mary Hebert	What college did you finish at?	30:30
Doris Parrish	Bluefield.	30:32
Mary Hebert	Bluefield. Where's that at?	30:32
Doris Parrish	In West Virginia.	30:34
Mary Hebert	You told me and slipped my mind. Why'd you decide to go there?	30:36
Doris Parrish	Well, first of all, when I was finished my second year, I had met this fellow and I got married, and I went to South America with him for a year. And then I came back and I couldn't live on the campus there with him, so I went to another school. He stayed at Morgan.	30:39
Mary Hebert	And so you were off at Bluefield. That's the point that you went to Bluefield? Okay.	31:02
Doris Parrish	We both finished, I think the same day. Yeah, we graduated the same day, but he was one place and I was another place.	31:10
Mary Hebert	So he was at Morgan? Were you not supposed to get married while you were a student?	31:17
Doris Parrish	No, not that you weren't supposed to get married, but you couldn't stay on the campus—	31:24
Mary Hebert	If you were married?	31:26
Doris Parrish	Yeah.	31:26
Mary Hebert	Oh, okay. So Bluefield was a teacher's college?	31:36
Doris Parrish	Yeah, basically.	31:41
Mary Hebert	And then y'all went up to New York? Did you move up to New York at that point?	31:43
Doris Parrish	No, no, we went to, I think we went to Cuba that year, or South America, I'm not sure. But I didn't go up to New York until 1952.	31:48
Mary Hebert	Did he go there for jobs?	32:05
Doris Parrish	Yeah, he was a professional ball player.	32:07
Mary Hebert	Okay. Did he play for the Negro League here in America?	32:09
Doris Parrish	He did. When I met him he was playing for the Baltimore Eli Giants.	32:17
Mary Hebert	What was his name?	32:23
Doris Parrish	His name was Joe Black. B-L-A-C-K.	32:24
Mary Hebert	And he could play for the Latin American teams? They weren't segregated like the teams—	32:29
Doris Parrish	No.	32:35
Mary Hebert	— in America were. Was he good? A good player?	32:35
Doris Parrish	Yeah. He finally made it to the Major Leagues.	32:40
Mary Hebert	Did he?	32:45
Doris Parrish	That's when we went to New York. Well, first we went to Canada and he played for the Canadian team, triple A team for two years. Then Brooklyn Dodgers called him.	32:47
Mary Hebert	Did he ever express anger or resentment that he couldn't be in the major leagues before that point? That he had to play in—	32:59
Doris Parrish	Not verbally, but I think emotionally he was, because he became a very mean person. Well, maybe I shouldn't say mean, but disagreeable and hard to get along, hard to live with after he made the Major Leagues. And that's when we broke up.	33:07
Mary Hebert	Would you travel with him to different towns or were you allowed to travel with him?	33:29
Doris Parrish	Oh, sometimes the wives travel, but most of the time I didn't.	33:32
Mary Hebert	But you went to the games if—	33:38
Doris Parrish	If I wanted to.	33:40
Mary Hebert	How'd you meet him?	33:44
Doris Parrish	In school, in political science class. I had a B plus on a paper. And the teacher went over the results. And so I asked Dr. Gill if he gave As, and he said yes, and he wanted to know why. I said, "Because I don't see anything wrong with my paper. And I didn't get an A." And he kind of smirked. And he said, "Look at Mr. Black's paper." I said, "Who is Mr. Black?" He says, "How long have you been in this school?" And I told him, he says, "You don't know who he is?" I said, "No, should I?" And he smirked again. He said, "Mr. Black, pass her your paper and let her see it." I looked at his paper. Well, I had about three pages. He had about six, but he had a good gift with words. And I answered the question. So he got an A and I got a B plus.	33:45
Mary Hebert	And so that's how you met him. Was he playing baseball at that time?	34:45
Doris Parrish	In the summer, yeah.	34:49
Mary Hebert	So that's why the teacher said, "You don't know who he is?"	34:50
Doris Parrish	Yeah, but I didn't know who he was. I was interested in my A, making an A. I didn't see anything that hadn't corrected anything on my paper. And I wanted know why didn't I get an A?	34:52
Mary Hebert	Did you learn from that and make an A on the next one, or?	35:04
Doris Parrish	I think he sort of knew that I was going to challenge him. So I think I made that a little better. Because I would challenge them if I felt like I had not been treated fairly. And if you tell me I've done something wrong, I can accept it. But when you give me my paper back and it's nothing marked on it wrong, I want to know what's going on.	35:08
Mary Hebert	Right. Did you teach while you were in Cuba and in South America?	35:30
Doris Parrish	No.	35:36
Mary Hebert	How was that different than living in America?	35:41
Doris Parrish	Well, first all it was hot, and then there was a difference in the food—	35:46
Mary Hebert	And language.	35:52
Doris Parrish	And the language. And I guess basically that was it.	35:55
Mary Hebert	Did the segregation laws differ? Was there segregation down there?	36:04
Doris Parrish	I didn't experience too much there because all the players kind of lived together in the same hotels or same complexes. I don't remember experiencing too much of it there.	36:06
Mary Hebert	Were they mostly Americans who went to Latin America?	36:24
Doris Parrish	Americans.	36:29
Mary Hebert	So you lived in Cuba before Castro and—	36:31
Doris Parrish	Yeah, before.	36:35
Mary Hebert	How did your mother feel about you leaving and going off to another country?	36:36
Doris Parrish	Yeah, I don't know. She didn't care.	36:48
Mary Hebert	Did you have a big wedding?	36:51
Doris Parrish	No.	36:53
Mary Hebert	Just a small one. Getting back to Norfolk and growing up here, what were some of the gathering places in your neighborhood or where would people gather to talk or—	36:54
Doris Parrish	You mean the children?	37:09
Mary Hebert	Or adults. Well, when you were a child, where would y'all gather?	37:11
Doris Parrish	At homes. At our homes.	37:14
Mary Hebert	What about—	37:16
Doris Parrish	At the Y, at church.	37:16
Mary Hebert	Did adults gather at certain street corners or businesses or—	37:19
Doris Parrish	Well, they had clubs, I suppose. I think my stepfather belonged to the Elks. He used to go there often. And my mom had very little recreation other than work and home.	37:24
Mary Hebert	She didn't have much time. Did you ever resent her having to work so much growing up?	37:41
Doris Parrish	Well, that was all I knew.	37:46
Mary Hebert	Did you resent the White family that she worked for, for taking so much—	37:52
Doris Parrish	No.	37:55
Mary Hebert	— her time? Your time?	37:59
Doris Parrish	No.	37:59
Mary Hebert	Oh. Did you ever have problems with the system of segregation here? Could you try on clothes when you went to a White owned store? Could you try on shoes?	38:02
Doris Parrish	I'm not sure that I could, but I was never faced with that rejection because I guess my mom knew where to take us. I guess so, I really don't know. But like I said, I was never faced with that. I ran into that in Miami. Mama, would you answer?	38:11
Mary Hebert	Stop this.	38:37
Doris Parrish	I ran into this once in Florida when we were there for spring training. And I remember, and this was interesting, I remember I wanted something, I think it was a bathing suit or something. And Joe was with me. And whatever it was, I couldn't try it on. So he said, "Well, we don't want it." So somebody else came in and spoke to him and she says, "Oh, you play for," what was the name of that team? Started with a C, forgotten it now. So "Yes, let her, she can try it on." But by now I didn't want it.	38:41
Mary Hebert	So because he was famous or people knew him, they were going to give him special privilege?	39:31
Doris Parrish	Yeah, but I told them I didn't want it. I wouldn't try it on.	39:37
Mary Hebert	Did Joe go around a lot from team to team?	39:41
Doris Parrish	No. He was with that team for two years I think. And then he went to, or was it South America first? I'm not really sure now. But after he went to the big leagues, he didn't play with any of those teams anymore. They weren't allowed to.	39:44
Mary Hebert	How did that whole system fall apart, the Negro League? Did it fall apart after the Black players—	40:07
Doris Parrish	Yeah, after the Black players were allowed to play in the major league, they took most of the better players. And so—	40:13
Mary Hebert	It just dissolved.	40:22
Doris Parrish	The majors.	40:23
Mary Hebert	Did the major leagues pay better?	40:25
Doris Parrish	Oh no. Oh, yes, they did. Nothing like they pay now, nothing like it.	40:28
Mary Hebert	But they paid better than—	40:36
Doris Parrish	At that time it was a lot of money to us.	40:38
Mary Hebert	Did you work the whole time you were married to him?	40:45
Doris Parrish	No, I didn't. I didn't work professionally. After we broke up.	40:48
Mary Hebert	And then you began teaching. Did you ever travel long distances with your parents while you were growing up? But you did with your husband, your first husband, after you married him? Did you face segregation there on buses and trains and things like that?	40:53
Doris Parrish	We traveled mostly by plane and car. I don't remember traveling by train—	41:19
Mary Hebert	But no bus?	41:33
Doris Parrish	— or buses. No, but I didn't travel by bus.	41:34
Mary Hebert	I need to turn.	41:38

Mary Hebert	In Norfolk book, when you were sick, did you go to a Black doctor? Or you weren't sick?	0:07
Doris Parrish	I'm trying to think. I had my tonsils removed when I was about six and a White doctor took those out. Let me see.	0:23
Mary Hebert	Was the hospital a segregated hospital?	0:39
Doris Parrish	I don't remember. I really don't remember. I just remember my mother taking me there in the morning and picking me up in the evening, I think it was. But I don't remember.	0:41
Mary Hebert	Did you learn about African American history in high school?	0:58
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	1:01
Mary Hebert	You learned about Marcus Garvey and Du Bois and all of them?	1:02
Doris Parrish	Right. Mm—hmm.	1:06
Mary Hebert	Were there any controversies in Norfolk regarding race relations while you were growing up? Bus boycotts, things like that.	1:13
Doris Parrish	No.	1:24
Mary Hebert	What was the most important thing that your parents taught you?	1:39
Doris Parrish	Resourcefulness, I suppose. My brother and I always had to the best decisions for ourselves.	1:46
Mary Hebert	Independence, also.	2:03
Doris Parrish	And independence and learn to do things. My brother learned to — He's a good cook, a good housekeeper, and I can cut grass and do things like that. There was no such thing as, "This is a girl's job. This is a boy's job." We just had to do.	2:04
Mary Hebert	Would your mother assign chores before she left in the morning saying, "I want you to do—	2:23
Doris Parrish	Well, sometimes, but we knew what had to be done, so we did it.	2:28
Mary Hebert	Self motivated.	2:32
Doris Parrish	Yeah.	2:33
Mary Hebert	You didn't get an allowance or things like kids get now for chores.	2:34
Doris Parrish	No.	2:39
Mary Hebert	I've heard a lot from different people around the area how the community helped to raise children at that point.	2:40
Doris Parrish	Oh, yes. Anybody in the neighborhood could speak to you and you would listen.	2:50
Mary Hebert	And if you didn't, would they tell your parents that you're misbehaving?	3:01
Doris Parrish	I suppose so, but my brother and I were fortunate, we didn't get into situations where people had to speak to us. We were, I would say, fairly good children. Mm—hmm. My mother always told us if we did anything, for example, when we were playing in the street, if we broke a window or something, go and tell the person and tell the person my mother would take care of it when she got home. Don't run, that kind of thing.	3:05
Mary Hebert	You learned to be responsible for your actions also.	3:37
Doris Parrish	Yeah. Mm—hmm.	3:47
Mary Hebert	At what point did someone become an adult and could speak to you and tell you that you're misbehaving, "Stop doing that."? Was it what we consider an adult now? Could a teenager or someone older than you tell you?	3:48
Doris Parrish	I don't know what you mean.	4:03
Mary Hebert	Was it a parent who would scold the other children, or could it just be an adult?	4:06
Doris Parrish	At the time when we were growing up, I think anybody could say — Your peer could say, "Well, don't do that. That's not right. Your mother wouldn't like that," for the most part. Mm—hmm. Because we respected each other.	4:14
Mary Hebert	Mm—hmm. Were there a lot of children near you when you were growing up?	4:29
Doris Parrish	No. I had a friend across the street, a friend next door and my friend on the corner, and the next block I had a friend and around the corner. But not a lot of kids, no.	4:47
Mary Hebert	Any relatives living near you?	5:04
Doris Parrish	What now?	5:07
Mary Hebert	Relatives. Were there any relatives living near you?	5:07
Doris Parrish	No.	5:10
Mary Hebert	You mentioned that your grandmother helped.	5:12
Doris Parrish	My grandmother died when I was — I had just come out of high school. My grandmother died. In fact, she wasn't living with us then. She had gone to visit about three years before that to North Carolina to my mother's half—brother, and she never came back. She got sick and she stayed there.	5:16
Mary Hebert	Did she ever tell you what life was like for her when she was growing up?	5:36
Doris Parrish	No. She just said she worked in a field and they had lived on a farm.	5:41
Mary Hebert	What about your mother? Would she ever tell you what it was like when she was a child?	5:50
Doris Parrish	When she lived on a farm, too.	5:55
Mary Hebert	Did she work on the farm, too?	5:57
Doris Parrish	No.	5:58
Mary Hebert	No.	5:58
Doris Parrish	But her father and her parents did.	5:59
Mary Hebert	When your grandmother was living here, she lived with your family?	6:08
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	6:11
Mary Hebert	That was before your mother remarried or after?	6:13
Doris Parrish	That was after.	6:16
Mary Hebert	I was just trying to get some frame of reference.	6:18
Doris Parrish	My mother remarried before I started the school.	6:20
Mary Hebert	Okay. You were still—	6:22
Doris Parrish	I was about five or six. Mm—hmm.	6:24
Mary Hebert	You mentioned before that the Brambleton area was like an upper middle class neighborhood.	6:45
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	6:49
Mary Hebert	What's it like now? How has it changed?	6:49
Doris Parrish	Well, several houses have been torn down, and one thing, it's a college neighborhood. A lot of college students moving into the homes and they really have torn up the neighborhood. Well, something has torn up the neighborhood. The house nextdoor to where we were has been completely renovated. I don't know whether anybody has moved in or not. And I noticed the house that we lived in is being renovated now. The house on my right has been torn down.	6:54
Mary Hebert	It's more of a college student, not family neighborhood any more like it was.	7:31
Doris Parrish	Mm—mm.	7:37
Mary Hebert	When did y'all move here to this house?	7:37
Doris Parrish	I bought this house 20 years ago, but my mother lived here. I was in New York.	7:38
Mary Hebert	Did you buy it for her to live in?	7:44
Doris Parrish	For us.	7:46
Mary Hebert	For us.	7:47
Doris Parrish	Uh—huh.	7:47
Mary Hebert	You knew you were coming back to Norfolk.	7:48
Doris Parrish	Yeah. I always knew I was coming back. I planned to, anyway.	7:51
Mary Hebert	You retired from the New York school system.	7:55
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	7:58
Mary Hebert	Just looking through and seeing if I skipped any questions. How did y'all get the news? Did y'all have a radio or newspapers?	8:03
Doris Parrish	Well, televisions, radios and newspapers.	8:15
Mary Hebert	Did everyone else in your neighborhood have television at the same time you did, or would families come over to your house to watch?	8:21
Doris Parrish	No, I think everybody had television. For a while, we didn't have a telephone and we used to run to a neighbor's house to use the phone when we needed a phone. Then finally we got a phone.	8:28
Mary Hebert	You don't remember living in the apartment, though?	8:48
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	8:50
Mary Hebert	I mean, you do have some memories of that?	8:50
Doris Parrish	Yeah. Mm—hmm.	8:54
Mary Hebert	Was that in the same neighborhood?	8:54
Doris Parrish	No, that was all the way over town on Jefferson Street. I think it was called Jefferson Street, over by the cemetery. I remember as a little girl, I could always tell when people were going to be buried because there was a bell that would ring, and I used to have a funny feeling—	8:55
Mary Hebert	It's hard.	9:12
Doris Parrish	Well, it was a funny feeling because I had not been introduced to death, and I knew that was death. But there was a big wall and we couldn't see over the wall, but we knew that someone was being buried.	9:12
Mary Hebert	You couldn't see the funeral processions and those.	9:30
Doris Parrish	No, but we knew it was there.	9:32
Mary Hebert	Did you stay alone when you were that young while you—	9:35
Doris Parrish	No, my grandmother was with us then.	9:38
Mary Hebert	She moved up here with you?	9:41
Doris Parrish	I don't think she moved with us. I don't remember. I'm not really sure. I don't think she did. I think she came up later. Mm—hmm.	9:44
Mary Hebert	Would you go to the beauty parlor or things like that as you were growing up?	10:02
Doris Parrish	Mm—mm. My mother did my hair.	10:05
Mary Hebert	Your mother did your hair.	10:06
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	10:06
Mary Hebert	Is there anything else—	10:06
Doris Parrish	And she made my clothes.	10:15
Mary Hebert	She did?	10:16
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	10:16
Mary Hebert	Did she teach you how to sew, too?	10:16
Doris Parrish	No. I don't sew.	10:19
Mary Hebert	Where did she find the time to do all of this? I mean, it seems like she had such a busy day. Would she do it at night.	10:21
Doris Parrish	At night, early in the morning, her afternoons off, and she'd take things to work with her. Every morning, she had a shopping bag with her. She would either have something of mine or my brothers or both. The laundry while she was there.	10:26
Mary Hebert	Did she walk to work?	10:42
Doris Parrish	Oh, no. She would have to ride a bus, or a couple of buses.	10:47
Mary Hebert	Where did the family live? Was it the Smith family, you said?	10:56
Doris Parrish	They lived on Shirley Avenue in Ghent.	11:00
Mary Hebert	Okay.	11:03
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm. The house is still there.	11:03
Mary Hebert	I haven't gotten to the Ghent area yet. I've seen pictures. The houses look beautiful.	11:06
Doris Parrish	Yeah. Oh, now, the houses that you see are new.	11:11
Mary Hebert	Oh, are they?	11:17
Doris Parrish	But on Shirley Avenue, where my mom worked, that house is still there. Mm—hmm.	11:17
Mary Hebert	I heard people tell about brothers having to walk through the Ghent area and be harassed by White children. Did you or your brother ever walk through that area?	11:27
Doris Parrish	No, we never went there except when we went with our mother.	11:36
Mary Hebert	She led you through the neighborhood and—	11:40
Doris Parrish	Well, no. We just went with her. We had no problems. And I know my mom worked down at Lock Haven, but that's where the Smiths moved. That's what it was. The Smiths moved from Shirley Avenue to Lock Haven. That was on the water, and we used to go down there with her, too.	11:42
Mary Hebert	Is that in the Ghent area, or is that—	12:04
Doris Parrish	No, that was in Lock Haven.	12:06
Mary Hebert	It's Lock Haven.	12:09
Doris Parrish	Uh—huh. It's further out.	12:10
Mary Hebert	Were you allowed to roam around the house and look at everything that they had when you'd go over with your mother?	12:16
Doris Parrish	I don't remember. I don't remember roaming around the house. No. Mm—mm.	12:25
Mary Hebert	Well, those are all the questions that I have. Is there anything that you want to add that I didn't ask you about — Did you want to talk more about working in New York?	12:31
Doris Parrish	Not unless there's something you want to know. It was a pleasant experience for me.	12:45
Mary Hebert	New York City, or—	12:50
Doris Parrish	Yeah. Mm—hmm. I enjoyed my work. And frankly, if it had not been for coming home with my mother, I would've worked longer.	12:51
Mary Hebert	You never had any desire to work here in the Norfolk area?	13:04
Doris Parrish	I did, but I started to work there because I needed to work.	13:09
Mary Hebert	Mm—hmm.	13:13
Doris Parrish	There was a time in people's lives when you can't afford to miss a payday.	13:15
Mary Hebert	I know what you mean.	13:19
Doris Parrish	I got the job and I kept the job and I kept going to school, and I kept moving up until when I could make a move, I was too close to retirement, so I stayed. And then my daughter got ill, so I worked I think four years longer than I had planned to. After she died, I came home.	13:20
Mary Hebert	You came back.	13:43
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	13:43
Mary Hebert	What made you want to be a guidance counselor? You said you were—	13:45
Doris Parrish	I didn't really.	13:48
Mary Hebert	You just got your—	13:49
Doris Parrish	No. This is what happened. Everybody considered me a good teacher when I was a gym teacher, and I had a very good relationship with the girls, and there were girls that I could handle that most teachers couldn't for some reason. I don't know. My supervisor came in one day and said to me, "Why are you getting a masters in physical education?" She said, "You don't need that." He says, "You are the only licensed woman that we have in physical ed in the district. Your job is secure." Said, "Why don't you go into guidance?" I said, "Well, I don't know. Let me think about it." I said, "Well, I've started working." I was working in the dance area at that time. He says, "You don't need that. You do a great job."	13:50
Doris Parrish	Anyway, I went into guidance. I had just about got my masters in guidance when the principal called me in and asked me would I do him a favor and take a job as a guidance counselor. He was losing a counselor. And I wasn't sure I wanted to do it, but he said it's a good opportunity, so finally, I took it.	14:48
Mary Hebert	And you stopped coaching, you stopped teaching.	15:11
Doris Parrish	I stopped teaching. Mm—hmm.	15:14
Mary Hebert	Did you coach any teams or you were just [indistinct 00:15:17].	15:14
Doris Parrish	You were just I had a dance group. I had a Martin dance group.	15:17
Mary Hebert	Oh, did you?	15:21
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	15:21
Mary Hebert	You were a dancer, too? I mean—	15:21
Doris Parrish	I didn't dance, but I had dance group. But I had some experience with dance. I had enough to teach and have a dance group.	15:29
Mary Hebert	You said you had another masters in administration?	15:43
Doris Parrish	Administration supervision. In 1973 — '72 or '73, the superintendent sent for me and asked me if I would like to work with him and I said, "I'd love to." I went to work in the superintendent's office as director of people and personnel Services and I worked there until I retired.	15:46
Mary Hebert	Did you ever miss teaching?	16:13
Doris Parrish	No, not really, because I was 30 years old, early thirties when I started to work. It was time for me to get out.	16:15
Mary Hebert	Mm—hmm.	16:24
Doris Parrish	But I enjoyed it when I was doing it. Yeah.	16:24
Mary Hebert	What school did you teach at? Did you teach just one or would you—	16:29
Doris Parrish	No, one school.	16:32
Mary Hebert	Mm—hmm.	16:34
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm. Just one school. It was I.S. 33. The name of it was Mark Hopkins Junior High School. I was a counselor in the same school. Of course, I did my administrative work in the same district. All my work was in one school district.	16:35
Mary Hebert	I think I'm going to sneeze. Okay, I'll stop the tape now.	16:54
Doris Parrish	— to you. We lived two doors from Craw Street, Corprew Avenue. Corprew Avenue divided the Whites from the Blacks in Brambleton at that time. I lived 943. There was house 941, and then there was the corner. Right across the corner, White families lived. But we never experienced problems. We used to play together. We used to get together in the morning and walk a distance, and then they would separate and go their way. We would go our way because they were going to their school. We were going to our schools.	17:06
Doris Parrish	Well, I guess it was because we stayed more or less close to home. We didn't roam around like the kids do now in different neighborhoods, because even now that I'm home, I'm still learning different neighborhoods—	17:53
Mary Hebert	That you never—	18:07
Doris Parrish	In fact, I didn't even think about this neighborhood when I was growing up.	18:09
Mary Hebert	You never went into any of the other Black neighborhoods, really?	18:15
Doris Parrish	Mm—mm. No.	18:16
Mary Hebert	You never went to Huntersville and those areas.	18:18
Doris Parrish	Very seldom. I didn't have any reason to go. I used to go to Huntsville because the Y was over in that area.	18:22
Mary Hebert	You'd take a bus there or would you drive?	18:28
Doris Parrish	No, we walk.	18:31
Mary Hebert	Oh, you'd walk?	18:31
Doris Parrish	Walk. Uh—huh.	18:32
Mary Hebert	Isn't that a fairly great distance?	18:32
Doris Parrish	Yeah, but I don't know. It wasn't a great distance then, because I used to walk down to Granby Street, Main Street and walk back.	18:35
Mary Hebert	At what point did the White kids stop playing with you? Or was there a point where y'all stopped interacting?	18:45
Doris Parrish	Well, I guess when I was about 14, I started working after school and doing things, so I stopped playing.	18:52
Mary Hebert	Did you get the jobs because you wanted some spending money, or did you—	19:05
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	19:08
Mary Hebert	You didn't get it to help out the family?	19:10
Doris Parrish	No. I saved my money and did things for myself or my brother. I used to give him money to help my brother.	19:12
Mary Hebert	Were you saving money at that point to go to college?	19:21
Doris Parrish	Not at that point, but I used to buy clothes for school and stuff like that.	19:23
Mary Hebert	Well, this is one question we ask most people. Did you ever feel like you were treated as a second class citizen because of the system of segregation?	19:39
Doris Parrish	No. I didn't feel that way until after I was grown. Because, I mean, if you don't know any different, you don't feel any different. You had not been exposed to anything but that, so that was it.	19:48
Mary Hebert	Did that feeling come after the civil rights movement started and people started challenging the system?	20:07
Doris Parrish	I suppose so. Yeah. You started to think about it.	20:12
Mary Hebert	It was just something that was accepted and you lived with it.	20:19
Doris Parrish	Mm—hmm.	20:21
Mary Hebert	While you were working at the beach, were you allowed at all to ever go out onto Virginia Beach? Were you allowed to go out there at night?	20:29
Doris Parrish	At night and swim. Mm—hmm.	20:36
Mary Hebert	Would y'all do that? Would y'all go out and swim?	20:40
Doris Parrish	Yeah, we used to go out at night and swim and there would be White people out there, too, but we were allowed out there, so we used to go out and swim with them.	20:42
Mary Hebert	What were your hours when you were working at the beach? Would you [indistinct 00:20:57].	20:54
Doris Parrish	Yeah, we served three meals a day, so we were up at 6:30, and after breakfast was over, we were finished until lunch and we had a break in between and we'd have to set the tables up before we left.	20:56
Mary Hebert	You would take a bus out to the beach, or [indistinct 00:21:17]?	21:14
Doris Parrish	No, we stayed there. Uh—huh.	21:17
Mary Hebert	Oh. They had rooms for you.	21:18
Doris Parrish	Yeah. Mm—hmm.	21:20
Mary Hebert	Well, now I am finished.	21:36
Doris Parrish	Really?	21:38
Mary Hebert	That's—	21:38

Item Info

Title:

Doris Parrish interview recording, 1995 July 31

Date:

July 31, 1995

Creator:

Parrish, Doris Saunders

Contributor:

Hebert, Mary

Description:

Name: Doris Saunders Parrish; Date of birth: 1921-04-17; Place of birth: Creswell, NC; Occupation(s): educator; guidance counselor; teacher; Residence: Norfolk, VA
Informant ID: 991; Interviewed by: Mary Hebert.

Occupation:

Location:

Format:

Language:

English

Digital Collection:

Behind the Veil

Source Collection:

Behind the Veil: Documenting African American Life in the Jim Crow South interviews, photographs, and project records, circa 1864-2011, bulk 1990-2004

Series:

Related Resources:

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Provenance:

The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library acquired the Records of the Behind the Veil Oral History Project from the Duke University Center for Documentary Studies in 1997, 1998, 2000, and 2002.

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CC BY-NC 4.0

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Copyright for content created by the Behind the Veil project is held by Duke University and made available to the public using a Creative Commons Attribution / Non-commercial (CC-BY-NC) license.

Identifier:

RL00170-CS-1325
343184f5-fbf1-4912-bfaf-c89eb73be472
behindtheveil
f08a83ee-83ba-4a5e-91bc-7558feb83c39
ark:/87924/r4zk5hw49
f08a83ee-83ba-4a5e-91bc-7558feb83c39

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Doris Parrish interview recording, 1995 July 31

Transcript

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1. Doris Parrish administrative file, 1995

John Hope Franklin Research Center

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Doris Parrish interview recording, 1995 July 31

Transcript

Item Info

Related Items

John Hope Franklin Research Center

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